Extraction as an indicator of dental oral health of a population

Introduction: In dental clinics, the dental extraction is one of the most routine procedure. There are a number of reasons to extract a tooth, but based on the literature, the main reasons listed are: caries, periodontal diseases and extraction for further orthodontic treatment. Material and methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at one of the largest clinics in the country. 327 clinical cases documented with periapical radiographs were included in the study and were analyzed in detail to find the reason of extraction. Once identified radiographic reasons for extraction, scored individual ones of the three major groups: endodontic reasons, periodontal reasons and other reasons. Results: The first group represented by 50% of extractions, with caries as primary cause. The second group represented by 30% of extractions, with periodontal diseases as the primary cause. Group III represented by 20% of extractions with many different reasons, other than those two above groups. Caries was the main cause for extraction in the age group 20-40 years and above 70 years, whereas in the age 40-70 years old more than 50% teeth were extracted because of periodontal reasons. Conclusion: The financial cost of replacing an extracted tooth, as with prosthetic methods or with implants, has led the extraction to be evaluated as the first choice in the absence of funds; having devoted more attention to improving oral hygiene, the use of prophylactic methods, as well as more detailed analysis in finding alternative treatments, which lead to increased longevity of a tooth

An assessment of regulation, education practices and socio-economic perceptions of non-native aquatic species in the Balkans

Alongside climate change, the introduction of non-native species (NNS) is widely recognized as one of the main threats to aquatic biodiversity and human wellbeing. Non-native species and biodiversity are generally low priority issues on the political agendas of many countries, particularly in European countries outside the European Union (EU). The objectives and tasks of this study were to address the policy regulation, education level, education practices, and socioeconomic perceptions of NNS in the Balkans. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Turkey (Balkan EU candidate and potential candidate members), in Croatia and Greece (Balkan EU Member States) and Italy (non-Balkan EU Member State). The EU Alien Regulation (1143/2014) concerning NNS is implemented in EU Member States and Montenegro, whereas Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey have not reported specific policy regulations for NNS. Permanent monitoring programmes specifically designed for NNS have not yet been established in the EU Member States. Most countries tackle the issue of NNS through educational activities as part of specific projects. Education level is indicative of the implementation of NNS policy regulation, and efforts are needed for the proper development of relative study programmes. Public awareness and educational preparedness concerning NNS in the Balkans were identified as poor. Strong programmes for management and education should be developed to increase public awareness to prevent further biodiversity losses in the Balkan region

The 6th Albanian Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery

After a three-year quarantine from the deadliest global pandemic of the last century, ASTES is organizing to gather all health professionals in Tirana, The 6th Albanian Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery(ACTES 2022) on 11-12 November 2022, with the topic Trauma & Emergency Surgery and not only...with the aim of providing high quality, the best standards, and the best results, for our patients ...ACTES 2022 is the largest event that ASTES (Albanian Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery) has organized so far with 230 presentations, and 67 foreign lecturers with enviable geography, making it the largest national and wider scientific event.The scientific program is as strong as ever, thanks to the inclusiveness, where all the participants with a mix of foreign and local lecturers, select the best of the moment in medical science, innovation, and observation.The scientific committee has selected all the presentations so that the participants of each medical discipline will have something to learn, discuss, debate, and agree with updated methods, techniques, and protocols.I hope you will join us on Friday morning, and continue the journey of our two-day event together