Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Camat terhadap Kinerja Pegawai

: Nowadays, human resource is very important for the smoothness of a government or private institution or organization. Because without the existence of human resource in an organization, the organization's vision and mission will not run well. Therefore, it is strongly needed motivation for individual to encourage him/her to work and get a good performance so that it is needed a leader whose duties as a head of office or institution, and motivator for his/her employees in order to get a good performance. In this study the researcher used qualitative research method by using steps of data collection done through questionnaire and documentation, and continued by data analysis to draw a conclusion. From the study executed it is drawn a conclusion that there is significant effect from working motivation and leadership effectiveness of the subdistrict head to the employees' performance at Subdistrict Office of Lowokwaru, Malang with presentation in successive are 23%, 65%, 65%, and 45%, so that it can answer the hypothesis. There is the most dominant between working motivation and leadership effectiveness of the subdistrict head to the employees' performance at Subdistrict Office of Lowokwaru, Malang with presentation of 65% i.e. leadership effectiveness in the other words the hypothesis is answered. Keywords: working motivation, leadership effectiveness, employees' performanc

Tyrosine 23 Phosphorylation-Dependent Cell-Surface Localization of Annexin A2 Is Required for Invasion and Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer

The aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by its high metastatic potential and lack of effective therapies, which is the result of a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in promoting PDA metastases. We identified Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a member of the Annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, as a new molecule that promotes PDA invasion and metastases. We found ANXA2 to be a PDA-associated antigen recognized by post-treatment sera of patients who demonstrated prolonged survival following treatment with a PDA-specific vaccine. Cell surface ANXA2 increases with PDA development and progression. Knockdown of ANXA2 expression by RNA interference or blocking with anti-ANXA2 antibodies inhibits in vitro invasion of PDA cells. In addition, post-vaccination patient sera inhibits in vitro invasion of PDA cells, suggesting that therapeutic anti-ANXA2 antibodies are induced by the vaccine. Furthermore, cell-surface localization of ANXA2 is tyrosine 23 phosphorylation-dependent; and tyrosine 23 phosphorylation is required for PDA invasion. We demonstrated that tyrosine 23 phosphorylation resulting in surface expression of ANXA2 is required for TGFβ-induced, Rho-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), linking the cellular function of ANXA2 which was previously shown to be associated with small GTPase-regulated cytoskeletal rearrangements, to the EMT process in PDA. Finally, using mouse PDA models, we showed that shRNA knock-down of ANXA2, a mutation at tyrosine 23, or anti-ANXA2 antibodies, inhibit PDA metastases and prolong mouse survival. Thus, ANXA2 is part of a novel molecular pathway underlying PDA metastases and a new target for development of PDA therapeutics

Surgical treatment of congenital biliary duct cyst

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is acknowledged that total cyst excision is a safe and ideal surgical treatment for congenital biliary duct cyst, compared to simple internal drainage. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal operation occasion and the effect of laparoscopy on congenital biliary duct cyst based upon total cyst excision.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From January 2002 to January 2011, 217 patients were admitted to Southwest Hospital for congenital biliary duct cyst. To determine the optimal surgery occasion, we divided these subjects into three groups, the infant group (age ≤ 3 years), the immaturity group (3 < age ≤ 18 years), and the maturity group (age > 18 years), and then evaluated the feasibility, risk and long-term outcome after surgery in the three groups. To analyze the effect of laparoscopic technique on congenital biliary duct cyst, we divided the patients into the laparoscopy and the open surgery groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the three groups, the morbidity from cholangiolithiasis before surgical treatment had obvious discrepancy (p < 0.05) (lowest in the infant group), and intraoperative blood loss also had apparent diversity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, long-term outcomes (secondary cholangiolithiasis, stoma stenosis and cholangiocarcinoma) showed no significant difference between different groups (p > 0.05).</p> <p>Similarly, no significant discrepancy was observed in the morbidity from postoperative complications or long-term postoperative complications (p > 0.05) between the laparoscopic and the open surgery groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that total cyst excision should be performed as early as possible. The optimal treatment occasion is the infant period, and laparoscopic resection may be a new safe and feasible minimally invasive surgery for this disease.</p

The Role of sand-structure interfaces: a FEM investigation

Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Soil structure interaction analysis: modelling the interface

The sand?structure interface, developed under monotonic loading, was modeled based on physical observations. The model takes into account the macroscopic conditions to yield a general constitutive law applicable to a wide range of contact problems and the microstructural considerations constitute the specialization of the general equations to a specific problem. The surface of slippage was idealized to be sinusoidal based on an intensive numerical simulation program that made use of the discrete element technique. The model incorporates the effect of grain crushing found to play a major role in the behavior of the interface. Analysis of laboratory data revealed a close relationship between grain crushing and the work dissipated plastically during shear. The proposed elastoplastic model, requiring a limited number of parameters, predicts the shear stresses for the modified direct shear test and reproduces the shaft resistanceof the shaft?sand interface pullout tests in a satisfactory manner.L'interface sable?structure sous un chargement monotone a \ue9t\ue9 mod\ue9lis\ue9e sur la base d'observations physiques. Le mod\ue8le prend en compte les conditions macroscopiques pour donner une loi g\ue9n\ue9rale de comportement applicable \ue0 une large plage de probl\ue8mes de contacts, et les consid\ue9rations de microstructure constituent la sp\ue9cialisation des \ue9quations g\ue9n\ue9rales pour un probl\ue8me sp\ue9cifique. La surface de glissement a \ue9t\ue9 id\ue9alis\ue9e sous une forme sinuso\uefdale dans un programme \ue9labor\ue9 de simulations num\ue9riques qui utilisait la technique d'\ue9l\ue9ments discrets. Le mod\ue8le incorpore l'effet du broyage des grains qui, trouve-t-on, joue un r\uf4le majeur dans le comportement de l'interface. L'analyse des donn\ue9es de laboratoire permet d'identifier une relation serr\ue9e entre le broyage des grains et le travail dissip\ue9 en \ue9tatplastique durant le cisaillement. Le mod\ue8le \ue9lastoplastique propos\ue9, requ\ue9rant un nombre limit\ue9 de param\ue8tres, pr\ue9dit les contraintes au cisaillement pour l'essai de cisaillement direct modifi\ue9 et reproduit de fa\ue7on satisfaisante la r\ue9sistance du f\ufbt \ue0 l'interface sable?f\ufbt dans les essais d'arrachement.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye