Hiring discrimination against pro-union applicants: the role of union density and firm size

We study the causal impact of revealing pro-unionism during the recruitment stage on hiring chances. To this end, we conduct a randomised field experiment in the Belgian labour market. When matched with employer and sector data, the experimentally gathered data enable us to test the heterogeneity of discrimination against pro-union applicants by the union density in the sector and the size of the firm. We find that disclosure of pro-unionism affects hiring chances in a negative way and that – in line with our expectations based on the literature – this negative impact is stronger in highly unionised sectors

Discriminating between alternative measures of overeducation

Five overeducation measures are evaluated empirically on the basis of encompassing tests. The measures are based on job analysis (JA), worker-assessment of the required level to do the job (WAd), worker-assessment of the required level to get the job (WAg), the mean educational level of realized matches (RMmn), and the modal level of realized matches (RMml). Over- and undereducation are linked to wages, job satisfaction, mobility and training participation. For none of the outcome variables, the JA model is encompassed by another model. Given the risk on systematic errors, this is a sufficient condition to prefer a carefully conducted JA to any other measure. The most reliable solution is to use the JA measure as an instrument for the WAd measure

Mister Sandman, bring me good marks!: on the relationship between sleep quality and academic achievement

This study assesses the relationship between sleep quality and academic achievement. We survey college students about their sleep quality by means of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before the start of their first exam period at university. PSQI scores are matched with course marks in this first exam period. Instrumenting PSQI scores by sleep quality during secondary education, we find that increasing total sleep quality with one standard deviation leads to 4.85 percentage point higher course marks

Focus 13 - octobre 2014: Discrimination à l'embauche à l'égard des jeunes syndiqués en Flandre

Tout comme les pays scandinaves et l'Autriche, la Belgique connait un taux de syndicalisation assez élevé. Un peu plus de 50 % des salariés belges sont membres d'un syndicat (http://www.uva-aias.net/208). Par ailleurs, le niveau de syndicalisation est plus élevé parmi les salariés jeunes et âgés que parmi ceux d'un âge intermédiaire (Van Rie et al., 2011). Plus important encore, le taux de couverture, à savoir la fraction des salariés dont les conditions d'emploi sont régies par une convention collective de travail, est de l'ordre de 90 % en Belgique (http://www.uva-aias.net/208). Enfin, dans notre pays, les syndicats gardent un rôle important dans l'octroi des allocations de chômage (Van Rie et al., 2011). De ce fait, les syndicats constituent un acteur incontournable sur le marché du travail belge

A Signal of Diligence? Student Work Experience and Later Employment Chances

We investigate the impact of student work experience on later hiring chances. To completely rule out potential endogeneity, we present a field experiment in which various forms of student work experience are randomly disclosed by more than 1000 fictitious graduates applying for jobs in Belgium. Theoretical mechanisms are investigated by estimating heterogeneous treatment effects by the relevance and timing of revealed student work experience. We find that neither form of student work experience enhances initial recruitment decisions. For a number of candidate subgroups (by education level and occupation type), even an adverse effect is found

Discrimination à l'embauche à l'égard des jeunes syndiqués en Flandre

Tout comme les pays scandinaves et l'Autriche, la Belgique connait un taux de syndicalisation assez élevé. Un peu plus de 50 % des salariés belges sont membres d'un syndicat (http://www.uva-aias.net/208). Par ailleurs, le niveau de syndicalisation est plus élevé parmi les salariés jeunes et âgés que parmi ceux d'un âge intermédiaire (Van Rie et al., 2011). Plus important encore, le taux de couverture, à savoir la fraction des salariés dont les conditions d'emploi sont régies par une convention collective de travail, est de l'ordre de 90 % en Belgique (http://www.uva-aias.net/208). Enfin, dans notre pays, les syndicats gardent un rôle important dans l'octroi des allocations de chômage (Van Rie et al., 2011). De ce fait, les syndicats constituent un acteur incontournable sur le marché du travail belge

Does Student Work Really Affect Educational Outcomes? A Review of the Literature

We review the theories put forward, methodological approaches used, and empirical conclusions found in the multidisciplinary literature on the relationship between student employment and educational outcomes. A systematic comparison of the empirical work yields new insights that go beyond the overall reported negative effect of more intensive working schemes and that are of high academic and policy relevance. One such insight uncovered by our review is that student employment seems to have a more adverse effect on educational choices and behaviour (study engagement and the decision to continue studying) than on educational performance (in particular, graduation)

First Depressed, Then Discriminated Against?

This study assesses hiring discrimination based on disclosed depression. We send out pairs of job applications from fictitious unemployed candidates to real vacancies in Belgium. Within each pair, one candidate cites depression as the reason for her/his unemployment, whereas the other candidate reveals no reason for unemployment. Overall, the hypothesis that applicants disclosing former depression are treated unfavourably is rejected. However, if we break up the data by the gender of the recruiter, we see that revealing former depression as a reason for unemployment is rewarded by female recruiters, whereas it affects the hiring decisions made by male recruiters in a non-positive way

Does size matter? Hiring discrimination and firm size

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the association between firm size and hiring discrimination against women, ethnic minorities and older job candidates.Design/methodology/approachThe authors merge field experimental measures on unequal treatment with firm-level data. The resulting data enable the authors to assess whether discrimination varies by indicators of firm size, keeping other firm characteristics constant.FindingsIn contrast with the theoretical expectations, the authors find no evidence for an association between firm size and hiring discrimination. On the other hand, the authors do find suggestive evidence for hiring discrimination being lower in respect of public or non-profit firms (compared to commercial firms).Social implicationsTo effectively combat hiring discrimination, one needs to understand its driving factors. In other words, to design adequate policy actions, targeted to the right employers in the right way, one has to gain insight into when individuals are discriminated in particular, i.e. into the moderators of labour market discrimination. In this study, the authors focus on firm size as a moderator of hiring discrimination.Originality/valueFormer contributions investigated this association within the context of ethnic discrimination only and included hardly any controls for other firm-level drivers of discrimination. The authors are the first to study the heterogeneity in discrimination by firm size with respect to multiple discrimination grounds and control for additional firm characteristics.</jats:sec