A Comparative Study Of The Family Background And Educational Achievement Of One Hundred Delinquent Negro Boys And One Hundred Non-Delinquent Negro Boys Of One Hundred Non-Delinquent Negro Boys Of Houston, Harris County, Texas

Introduction The writer is mindful of the fact that the progress in the sciences underlying mastery of the principles of human behavior necessarily suffers in comparison with the progress made in the sciences of inert matter, Man is largely a stranger in the world he has created. The inventions he has made, and the great number of discoveries brought to the fore have him entangled in a web similar to that woven by the spider. The science of life has not kept pace with the knowledge of inert matter. As a partial offset to the excessive attention given to technological achievements in the modern world, social scientists, and psychologists are now stressing the need for study of human beings as something quite as important as anything that has been done or might be done in material resources. Statement of the Problem The problem of this study may be stated in the question, What are the Differences in the Heme Background and Educational Achievements Between a Group of Delinquent Negro Boys and a Group of Non-Delinquent Negro Boys? This investigation is an attempt to study the community life that surrounds a delinquent group of Negro boys, and the community life that surrounds the non-delinquent group of Negro boys to discover, if possible, the causes for one group exhibiting one type of behavior pattern, and the other group exhibiting a different type of behavior pattern

Epidemiology of Veterinary Antimicrobial Use in Tennessee and Strategies for Antimicrobial Stewardship

Antimicrobial drugs are used for maintaining or improving animal health. Non-judicious antimicrobial use (AMU) is a modifiable factor driving antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, this doctoral dissertation examined the epidemiology of veterinary AMU among clinicians at The University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center (UTVMC), and cattle producers in Tennessee (TN), and identified strategies for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). First, an online survey was sent to UTVMC clinicians to identify factors influencing their AMU practices, analyze their concerns regarding AMU and AMR. Compared to clinicians who obtained their veterinary degree from 1970–1999, those who graduated from 2000–2009 and 2010–2016 were 3.96 (P = 0.034) and 5.39 (P = 0.01) times less concerned about AMR, respectively. Second, a qualitative study was undertaken to identify and document the factors driving AMU, alternatives, knowledge, and perceptions towards AMU among TN beef cattle producers. The findings suggested that clinical signs, culture & susceptibility testing drive AMU and more awareness of drivers for AMR, and continuing education for producers on prudent AMU is needed. Third, a mixed methods study that was conducted with TN dairy producers showed that use of culture and sensitivity test results for antimicrobial selection was a widespread and common practice, and blanket dry cow therapy was still commonly practiced. Fourth, a survey of TN beef cattle producers was conducted to identify the factors driving their AMU, as well as their alternatives, knowledge, and perceptions towards AMU. The findings showed that controlling for type of cattle operation, age was significantly associated with the producer’s degree of concern about AMR (P = 0.022). Additionally, survey findings suggested a need to promote the use of written antimicrobial treatment protocols among TN beef producers, and continued training for producers on infection prevention/control and prudent AMU. Fifth, a mixed methods study was conducted to identify the perceptions of TN cattle producers regarding the Veterinary Feed Directive. The findings suggested a likely compensatory increase in the use of injectable antimicrobials for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes that should be further investigated. Overall, the entire project identified key strategies for improving AMU in TN

Novel Sampled Grating Design for High Precision, Multiple Wavelength DFB Laser Arrays

No abstract available

Laterally-Coupled Dual-Grating Distributed Feedback Lasers for Generating Mode-Beat Terahertz Signals

We present a laterally-coupled AlGaInAs/InP DFB laser emitting two longitudinal modes simultaneously within the same cavity and integrated with EAM. A stable 0.82 THz beating signal was observed over a wide range of bias parameters

A Test for the Presence of Covariance Between Time-Uncertain Series of Data with Application to the Dongge Cave Speleothem and Atmospheric Radiocarbon Records

[1] Statistical measures of the relationships between time series are generally altered by the presence of errors in timing, i.e., when applied to time-uncertain series. For example, the covariance sampled between two time series which in truth covary will generally be decreased by errors in timing. Most previous work on this subject has sought to maximize some goodness of fit between time-uncertain series either heuristically or through more quantitative methods. However, there is a danger that unrelated records can be made to appear to covary by time adjustment. Here we propose a statistical test for the presence of covariance between time-uncertain series wherein the probability of obtaining a maximum covariance from randomly realized time-uncertain series is assessed using the theory of order statistics. The results of this analytical method provide insight into the influence of timing errors upon covariance and are shown to be consistent with results derived from a Monte Carlo procedure. We apply this methodology to evaluate the covariance between a time-uncertain stalagmite record and atmospheric radiocarbon during the Holocene and find, contradictory to previous interpretation, that there is insignificant covariance between the two at the 95% confidence level.Earth and Planetary Science

Pharmaceutical Targeting: Dynamics of Doctor’s Innovative Tendency and The Degree of Doctor-Patient Relationship

The pharmaceutical firm’s detailing effort of a new drug plays an important role but the pharmaceutical salespeople often find hard time achieving what they initially planned to deliver. Hence, they will need to target their messages to the right group of physicians to perform an efficient detailing. Controlling for other factors, physician’s latent innovative tendency in drug prescription and the unobserved degree of doctor-patient relationship would be important considerations. An econometric model is set up to make inference about the doctor’s innovative tendency and the degree of doctor-patient relationship. Using a national survey about the physicians’ profile, their past treatments and the prescription intentions of a new drug, such model is estimated. The study further discusses managerial implications about how the firm can use the estimated values of doctor’s latent innovative tendency and the unobserved degree of doctor-patient relationship for their detailing effort

Promoting Preservice STEM Education Teachers\u27 Metacognitive Awareness: Professional Development Designed to Improve Teacher Metacognitive Awareness

This quantitative portion of a convergent complementarity, mixed-methods, exploratory study describes the design and implementation of a 5-week preservice teacher professional development (PD) experience and the associated Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) measures before and after the experience. The PD experience was designed to explicitly address participants’ domain-general and domain-specific knowledge and regulation of cognition through a highly integrated academic and clinical preparation regimen centered on a cognitive coaching model. The study participants comprised preservice STEM education teachers (N = 11) enrolled in a dual teaching certification and Master’s in Education program. The findings showed an increase in participants’ regulation of cognition based on all utilized factor structures of metacognitive awareness, but not all factor structures indicated a change in participants’ knowledge of cognition over the study period

Antimicrobial use practices of veterinary clinicians at a veterinary teaching hospital in the United States

Indiscriminate antimicrobial use (AMU) is a factor contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The objec-tives of this study were to (1) identify factors influencing AMU practices of veterinary clinicians at TheUniversity of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center (UTVMC), (2) analyze the clinicians’preferential choices ofantimicrobials, and (3) evaluate their perceptions, opinions, and concerns regarding AMU and AMR. A total of121 clinicians were surveyed. Among the 62 respondents, culture and susceptibility test results and pressurefrom clients were the most and least important factors in their antimicrobial prescription decision-making, re-spectively. Compared to clinicians who obtained their veterinary degree from 1970 to 1999, those who grad-uated from 2000 to 2009 and 2010–2016 were 3.96 (P= 0.034) and 5.39 (P= 0.01) times less concerned aboutAMR, respectively. There is a critical need to increase awareness about judicious AMU practices among clin-icians, increase emphasis about AMR in the present veterinary curriculum, and implement antimicrobialstewardship program (AMS) in this institution. Educational activities in combination with awareness campaignsand the stewardship programs could be used to improve AMU practices at this hospital. More client education onAMR is needed

Facilitating Antenna Switch Diversity for Dual-Connectivity Architectures

This publication describes systems and techniques to enable antenna switch diversity in dual-connectivity (DC) architectures without employing two switches along a main antenna path. DC can involve using two different wireless technologies, such as a first technology and a second technology. DC architectures include, for example, those that adhere to the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) – New Radio (NR) — Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) protocol. With EN-DC, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) connections under E-UTRA for a first technology are expected to abide by antenna switch diversity algorithms to provide access to each of the available antennas. Further, Fifth-Generation (5G) connections under NR for a second technology are expected to comport with requirements to use each of the available antennas for Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmissions. This disclosure describes including a pair of switches in a switching network that is disposed between multiple antennas and first and second modules of the first and second technologies, respectively. The switch pair is implemented with a crossover switching scheme. A loopback path, which facilitates use of a direct antenna path for the first module, includes two ends. A first end is coupled to one switch of the pair, and a second end is coupled to an auxiliary port of the first module. The second module is coupled to the antennas via the switch pair. The first module, however, is provided a direct path to a main antenna of the antennas. The direct path includes a single switch, which can be part of the first module. In implementations with an example four antennas, the single switch can be realized with a relatively low-loss dual-pole, dual-throw (DPDT) switch in the first module. The switch pair can be realized using two relatively higher-loss four-pole, four-throw (4P4T) switches

Correlated Equilibrium with Generalized Information Structures

We study the “generalized correlated equilibria” of a game when players make information processing errors. It is shown that the assumption of information processing errors is equivalent to that of “subjectivity” (i.e., differences between the players’ priors). Hence a bounded rationality justification of subjective priors is provided. We also describe the set of distributions on actions induced by generalized correlated equilibria with common priors