Membranas de polisulfona/argila: influência de diferentes argilas na propriedade de barreira

    Neste trabalho, membranas de polisulfona com adição de 3% em massa de argila montmorilonita natural, sódica e lítio, oriundas do estado da Paraíba, foram desenvolvidas pelo método de inversão de fases. Utilizou-se o N-metil-2 pirrolidona (NMP) como solvente na proporção de 80% e 20% de sólido. As argilas e membranas foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X (DRX) e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Além disso, as membranas foram estudadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), porosidade e permeação a vapor d'água, a fim de se estudar seu comportamento para aplicação na separação de gás. Os DRX das argilas evidenciaram bandas de cristalinidade características de montmorilonita. Os difratogramas de DRX das membranas indicaram que possivelmente ocorreu a formação de uma estrutura intercalado/esfoliado devido à ausência das bandas referentes às argilas. Por FTIR das argilas foi visualizado as mesmas bandas características da montmorilonita, diferenciando pelos cátions que foram trocados na estrutura. O FTIR das membranas apresentaram bandas características da polisulfona, e para os híbridos estas bandas podem ser também das argilas por apresentarem as mesmas faixas de número de onda. As fotomicrografias de MEV evidenciaram a formação de uma camada densa na pele filtrante e na parte inferior foi observada uma estrutura de fingers que pode ter influenciado na permeação. O ensaio de porosidade indicou que a presença de argila na membrana reduziu a quantidade de poros e o ensaio de permeação a vapor d'água ilustrou que houve uma diminuição da permeação com a adição de argila em comparação com a membrana de polisulfona pura. A membrana aditivada de argila com lítio apresentou uma redução da permeação a vapor d'água em 53%, indicando melhores propriedades de barreira.Palavras-chave: membrana, polisulfona, argila, propriedade de barreira

Evaluation of impact strength of polyamide 6/bentonite clay nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of polymer/clay have had much attention in recent years, particularly those developed with layered silicates due to the need of engineering materials more efficient than pure polymers for certain applications. The level of exfoliation of layered silicates in crystalline structure of polymer matrices has been studied and has been observed that it affects the crystalline behavior and the physical and mechanical properties. In this study, nanocomposites of polyamide 6 were obtained by the melt intercalation method, using a Brazilian bentonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results showed the incorporation of salt among the layers of clay, making it organophilic and that the nanocomposites presented exfoliated and/or partially exfoliated structures and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By thermogravimetry (TG), the results indicated that the presence of clay increased the thermal stability of polyamide 6. The impact properties of the nanocomposites showed inferior values in relation to the pure polyamide, in other words, decrease the toughness

Structure and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/Brazilian clay nanocomposites

Recent interest in polymer/organoclays nanocomposites systems is motivated by the possibility of achieving enhanced properties and added functionality at lower clay loading as compared to conventional micron size fillers. By adding montmorillonite clay to polyamide 6 increases the Young modulus, yield strength and also improves barrier properties. In this work, nanocomposites of polyamide 6 with montmorillonite clay were obtained. The clay was chemically modified with three different quaternary ammonium salts such as: Dodigen, Genamin and Cetremide. In this case, a dispersion of Na-MMT was stirred and a salt equivalent to 1:1 of cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-MMT was added to the dispersion. The montmorillonite clay (untreated and treated by ammonium salts) and nanocomposites were characterized by X ray diffractions. Also the nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and mechanical properties. The results indicated that all the quaternary ammonium salts were intercalated between the layers of clay, leading to an expansion of the interlayer spacing. The obtained nanocomposites showed better mechanical properties when compared to polyamide 6. The clay acted as reinforcing filler, increasing the rigidity of nanocomposites and decreasing its ductility

Polyamide 6 Nanocomposites with Inorganic Particles Modified with Three Quaternary Ammonium Salts

The purpose of this study was to obtain polyamide 6 nanocomposites with national organically modified clay with three quaternary ammonium salts. The obtained results confirm the intercalation of molecules of salt in the clay layers, and a good interaction with the polymer, showing the formation of intercalated and/or partially exfoliated structures. The nanocomposites showed similar thermal stability compared to pure polymer, and the mechanical properties presented interesting and promising results