Pharmacological and Clinical Importance of Integrin Antagonists in Treatment of Cancer

Integrins are heterodimeric molecules that are composed of 18 α -subunits and 8 β -subunits. They exist in 24 distinctive shapes based on combination of these sub-units and are mainly responsible for the adhesion of extracellular matrix (ECM) and immunoglobulin family molecules. Integrins mediate adhesion of epithelial cells to the basement membrane and also help in the migration, proliferation and survival of tumor cells. Studies also reveal that certain integrins act as markers for tumor cells and they also assist in both tumor progression and apoptosis. Studies reveal that unligated integrins in association with caspase 8 result in inhibition of ECM adhesion might result and integrin mediated death (IMD) on the other hand integrins in association with oncogenes or receptor tyrosine kinases can result in enhanced tumorigenesis. Among several types of integrins, αvβ 3 and α 5 β 1 have gained importance in anti-angiogenesis studie

Pharmacological and Clinical Importance of Integrin Antagonists in Treatment of Cancer

Integrins are heterodimeric molecules that are composed of 18 \ud α\ud -subunits and 8 \ud β\ud -subunits. They exist in 24\ud distinctive shapes based on combination of these sub-units and are mainly responsible for the adhesion of\ud extracellular matrix (ECM) and immunoglobulin family molecules. Integrins mediate adhesion of epithelial cells to the\ud basement membrane and also help in the migration, proliferation and survival of tumor cells. Studies also reveal that\ud certain integrins act as markers for tumor cells and they also assist in both tumor progression and apoptosis. Studies\ud reveal that unligated integrins in association with caspase 8 result in inhibition of ECM adhesion might result and\ud integrin mediated death (IMD) on the other hand integrins in association with oncogenes or receptor tyrosine kinases\ud can result in enhanced tumorigenesis. Among several types of integrins, \ud αvβ\ud 3 and \ud α\ud 5\ud β\ud 1 \ud have gained importance in\ud anti-angiogenesis studie

Phase--coherence Effects in Antidot Lattices: A Semiclassical Approach to Bulk Conductivity

We derive semiclassical expressions for the Kubo conductivity tensor. Within our approach the oscillatory parts of the diagonal and Hall conductivity are given as sums over contributions from classical periodic orbits in close relation to Gutzwiller's trace formula for the density of states. Taking into account the effects of weak disorder and temperature we reproduce recently observed anomalous phase coherence oscillations in the conductivity of large antidot arrays.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures available under request, RevTe

Characterization of the second- and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of monolayer MoS2_2 using multiphoton microscopy

We report second- and third-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS$_\mathrm{2}$ as a tool for imaging and accurately characterizing the material's nonlinear optical properties under 1560 nm excitation. Using a surface nonlinear optics treatment, we derive expressions relating experimental measurements to second- and third-order nonlinear sheet susceptibility magnitudes, obtaining values of $|\chi_s^{(2)}|=2.0\times10^{-20}$ m$^2$ V$^{-1}$ and for the first time for monolayer MoS$_\mathrm{2}$, $|\chi_s^{(3)}|=1.7\times10^{-28}$ m$^3$ V$^{-2}$. These sheet susceptibilities correspond to effective bulk nonlinear susceptibility values of $|\chi_{b}^{(2)}|=2.9\times10^{-11}$ m V$^{-1}$ and $|\chi_{b}^{(3)}|=2.4\times10^{-19}$ m$^2$ V$^{-2}$, accounting for the sheet thickness. Experimental comparisons between MoS$_\mathrm{2}$ and graphene are also performed, demonstrating $\sim$3.4 times stronger third-order sheet nonlinearity in monolayer MoS$_\mathrm{2}$, highlighting the material's potential for nonlinear photonics in the telecommunications C band.Comment: Accepted by 2D Materials, 28th Oct 201

Storm surge and ponding explain mangrove dieback in southwest Florida following Hurricane Irma

Mangroves buffer inland ecosystems from hurricane winds and storm surge. However, their ability to withstand harsh cyclone conditions depends on plant resilience traits and geomorphology. Using airborne lidar and satellite imagery collected before and after Hurricane Irma, we estimated that 62% of mangroves in southwest Florida suffered canopy damage, with largest impacts in tall forests (>10?m). Mangroves on well-drained sites (83%) resprouted new leaves within one year after the storm. By contrast, in poorly-drained inland sites, we detected one of the largest mangrove diebacks on record (10,760?ha), triggered by Irma. We found evidence that the combination of low elevation (median?=?9.4?cm?asl), storm surge water levels (>1.4?m above the ground surface), and hydrologic isolation drove coastal forest vulnerability and were independent of tree height or wind exposure. Our results indicated that storm surge and ponding caused dieback, not wind. Tidal restoration and hydrologic management in these vulnerable, low-lying coastal areas can reduce mangrove mortality and improve resilience to future cyclones.ECU Open Access Publishing Support Fun

The Effect of Thermal Reduction on the Photoluminescence and Electronic Structures of Graphene Oxides

[[abstract]]Electronic structures of graphene oxide (GO) and hydro-thermally reduced graphene oxides (rGOs)processed at low temperatures (120–1806C) were studied using X-ray absorption near-edge structure XANES), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). C K-edge XANES spectra of rGOs reveal that thermal reduction restores C 5 C sp2 bonds and removes some of the oxygen and hydroxyl groups of GO, which initiates the evolution of carbonaceous species. The combination of C K-edge XANES and Ka XES spectra shows that the overlapping p and p* orbitals in rGOs and GO are similar to that of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), which has no band-gap. C Ka RIXS spectra provide evidence that thermal reduction changes the density of states (DOSs) that is generated in the p-region and/or in the gap between the p and p* levels of the GO and rGOs. Two-dimensional C Ka RIXS mapping of the heavy reduction of rGOs further confirms that the residual oxygen and/or oxygen-containing functional groups modify the p and s features, which are dispersed by the photon excitation energy. The dispersion behavior near the K point is approximately linear and differs from the parabolic-like dispersion observed in HOPG.[[notice]]補正完畢[[journaltype]]國外[[incitationindex]]SCI[[ispeerreviewed]]Y[[booktype]]電子版[[countrycodes]]GB

Mechanical properties of freely suspended atomically thin dielectric layers of mica

We have studied the elastic deformation of freely suspended atomically thin sheets of muscovite mica, a widely used electrical insulator in its bulk form. Using an atomic force microscope, we carried out bending test experiments to determine the Young's modulus and the initial pre-tension of mica nanosheets with thicknesses ranging from 14 layers down to just one bilayer. We found that their Young's modulus is high (190 GPa), in agreement with the bulk value, which indicates that the exfoliation procedure employed to fabricate these nanolayers does not introduce a noticeable amount of defects. Additionally, ultrathin mica shows low pre-strain and can withstand reversible deformations up to tens of nanometers without breaking. The low pre-tension and high Young's modulus and breaking force found in these ultrathin mica layers demonstrates their prospective use as a complement for graphene in applications requiring flexible insulating materials or as reinforcement in nanocomposites.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, selected as cover of Nano Research, Volume 5, Number 8 (2012

Mechanically Assisted Exfoliation and Functionalization of Thermally Converted Graphene Sheets

Published versio

Electronic Properties of Graphene Encapsulated with Different Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals

Hexagonal boron nitride is the only substrate that has so far allowed graphene devices exhibiting micron-scale ballistic transport. Can other atomically flat crystals be used as substrates for making quality graphene heterostructures? Here we report on our search for alternative substrates. The devices fabricated by encapsulating graphene with molybdenum or tungsten disulphides and hBN are found to exhibit consistently high carrier mobilities of about 60,000 cm$^{2}$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$. In contrast, encapsulation with atomically flat layered oxides such as mica, bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide and vanadium pentoxide results in exceptionally low quality of graphene devices with mobilities of ~ 1,000 cm$^{2}$ V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$. We attribute the difference mainly to self-cleansing that takes place at interfaces between graphene, hBN and transition metal dichalcogenides. Surface contamination assembles into large pockets allowing the rest of the interface to become atomically clean. The cleansing process does not occur for graphene on atomically flat oxide substrates.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, 1 table including Supporting Informatio

Use of biosimilar filgrastim compared with lenograstim in autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplant and in sibling allogeneic transplant.

OBJECTIVES: Biosimilar filgrastim was compared with lenograstim for autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) in patients with haematological malignancies. Data from a separate group of sibling donors who underwent allogeneic HSCT are also reported. METHODS: Patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent autologous HSCT with biosimilar filgrastim were compared with a historical control group of patients who received lenograstim. Peripheral blood (PB) cells counts were monitored after 7-8 consecutive days of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) injection and apheresis was performed on day 8 if PB CD34+ cell count was ⩾10 cells/µl. The target PB CD34+ cell doses were ⩾2.0 × 10(6)/kg (lymphoma), ⩾4.0 × 10(6)/kg (MM ⩾60 years old) or ⩾8.0 × 10(6)/kg (MM <60 years old). RESULTS: A total of 259 patients were included in the autologous HSCT comparison (biosimilar filgrastim, n = 104; lenograstim, n = 155). In patients with lymphoma and older MM patients (⩾60 years old), no significant differences were observed between groups with regard to stem-cell mobilization parameters. However, in MM patients <60 years old, all parameters were significantly superior in the biosimilar filgrastim group, including the need for 1 rather than 2 apheresis procedures. No significant differences were observed between groups in median number of days to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) or platelet recovery. In the allogeneic setting, 47 sibling donors received biosimilar filgrastim. Mean CD34+ count at the first apheresis was 6.1 × 10(6)/kg. A total of 13 donors needed a second apheresis and 4 required a third. Among recipients, median days to ANC recovery was 16 (10-28) and to platelet recovery was 13 (9-54). CONCLUSIONS: Biosimilar filgrastim is as effective as lenograstim for autologous HSCT in patients with lymphoma or MM patients ⩾60 years old. However, mobilization with biosimilar filgrastim appeared to be superior to that with lenograstim in younger MM patients.S.A. has received support for meetings and unrestricted educational grants from Amgen, Chugai and SandozPDF version submitted- requires post print - withdraw