1,326 research outputs found
Anthropologies of Unemployment: New Perspectives on Work and Its Absence
[Excerpt] Anthropologies of Unemployment offers accessible, theoretically innovative, and ethnographically rich examinations of unemployment in rural and urban regions across North and South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. The diversity of case studies demonstrates that unemployment is a pressing global phenomenon that sheds light on the uneven consequences of free-market ideologies and policies. Economic, social, and cultural marginalization is common in the lives of the unemployed, but their experience and interpretation are shaped by local and national cultural particularities. In exploring those differences, the contributors to this volume employ recent theoretical innovations and engage with some of the more salient topics in contemporary anthropology, such as globalization, migration, youth cultures, bureaucracy, class, gender, and race.
Taken together, the chapters reveal that there is something new about unemployment today. It is not a temporary occurrence, but a chronic condition. In adjusting to persistent, longstanding unemployment, people and groups create new understandings of unemployment as well as of work and employment; they improvise new forms of sociality, morality, and personhood. Ethnographic studies such as those found in Anthropologies of Unemployment are crucial if we are to understand the broader forms, meanings, and significance of pervasive economic insecurity and discover the emergence of new social and cultural possibilities
Numerical circuit synthesis and compilation for multi-state preparation
Near-term quantum computers have significant error rates and short coherence
times, so compilation of circuits to be as short as possible is essential. Two
types of compilation problems are typically considered: circuits to prepare a
given state from a fixed input state, called "state preparation"; and circuits
to implement a given unitary operation, for example by "unitary synthesis". In
this paper we solve a more general problem: the transformation of a set of
states to another set of states, which we call "multi-state preparation".
State preparation and unitary synthesis are special cases; for state
preparation, , while for unitary synthesis, is the dimension of the
full Hilbert space. We generate and optimize circuits for multi-state
preparation numerically. In cases where a top-down approach based on matrix
decompositions is also possible, our method finds circuits with substantially
(up to 40%) fewer two-qubit gates. We discuss possible applications, including
efficient preparation of macroscopic superposition ("cat") states and synthesis
of quantum channels.Comment: v2: Added to discussion in Sections IIA and VIB; v1: 10 pages, 2
figure
Higgs compositeness in gauge theories --- Resymplecticisation, scale setting and topology
As part of an ongoing programme to study gauge theories as
potential realisations of composite Higgs models, we consider the case of
on the lattice, both as a pure gauge theory, and with two
Dirac fermion flavors in the fundamental representation. In order to compare
results between these two cases and maintain control of lattice artefacts, we
make use of the gradient flow to set the scale of the simulations. We present
some technical aspects of the simulations, including preliminary results for
the scale setting in the two cases and results for the topological charge
history.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures; talk presented at the 35th International
Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 18-24 June 2017, Granada, Spai
Powerful Quantum Circuit Resizing with Resource Efficient Synthesis
In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, mid-circuit measurement and
reset operations facilitate novel circuit optimization strategies by reducing a
circuit's qubit count in a method called resizing. This paper introduces two
such algorithms. The first one leverages gate-dependency rules to reduce qubit
count by 61.6% or 45.3% when optimizing depth as well. Based on numerical
instantiation and synthesis, the second algorithm finds resizing opportunities
in previously unresizable circuits via dependency rules and other
state-of-the-art tools. This resizing algorithm reduces qubit count by 20.7% on
average for these previously impossible-to-resize circuits
Rotational precision MEMS-based clamping mechanism for stable fixation of elastic mechanisms
Conventional TEM sample manipulators often lack the crucial stability of 0.1 nm/min. A MEMS manipulator attached directly to the TEM pole would greatly increase both thermal and dynamic stability. However a stable E-beam requires no interference of electric or magnetic fields. Therefore the manipulator should be stably fixed without power. To this end a mechanical clamp is presented which clamps one of the actuators of the TEM sample manipulator (Figure 2). The clamp incorporates a relatively large clamp force of 0.5 mN with respect to the device area and is able to maintain the clamp force without external power. In previous work [1] a theoretical basis has been presented of an earlier clamp version. In this paper a rotational clamp which has been made and tested is presented. This clamp design is part of a research project for a 6 Degree of Freedom MEMS TEM sample manipulator. \u
Singlets in gauge theories with fundamental matter
We provide the first determination of the mass of the lightest flavor-singlet
pseudoscalar and scalar bound states (mesons), in the Yang-Mills
theory coupled to two flavors of fundamental fermions, using lattice methods.
This theory has applications both to composite Higgs and strongly-interacting
dark matter scenarios. We find the singlets to have masses comparable to those
of the light flavored states, which might have important implications for
phenomenological models. We focus on regions of parameter space corresponding
to a moderately heavy mass regime for the fermions. We compare the spectra we
computed to existing and new results for and
theories, uncovering an intriguing degree of commonality. As a by-product, in
order to perform the aforementioned measurements, we implemented and tested, in
the context of symplectic lattice gauge theories, several strategies for the
treatment of disconnected-diagram contributions to two-point correlation
functions. These technical advances set the stage for future studies of the
singlet sector in broader portions of parameter space of this and other lattice
theories with a symplectic gauge group.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures, 6 table
Higgs compositeness in Sp(2N) gauge theories — Resymplecticisation, scale setting and topology
As part of an ongoing programme to study Sp(2N) gauge theories as potentialrealisations of composite Higgs models, we consider the case of Sp(4) on the lattice, bothas a pure gauge theory, and with two Dirac fermion flavors in the fundamental representation.In order to compare results between these two cases and maintain control oflattice artefacts, we make use of the gradient flow to set the scale of the simulations. Wepresent some technical aspects of the simulations, including preliminary results for thescale setting in the two cases and results for the topological charge history
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