Mean distance in km between birthplaces, and <i>p</i>-values of t-tests testing the difference in birthplace distance between parental educational attainment (EA) levels.

<p>Mean distance in km between birthplaces, and <i>p</i>-values of t-tests testing the difference in birthplace distance between parental educational attainment (EA) levels.</p

Association between geography and ancestry per parental educational attainment level.

<p><i>A</i>—Left: geographic distribution of PC1 (N = ~5,000 unrelated Dutch subjects), where the mean PC1 value per postal code (current living address) was computed, divided into 10 percentiles, and plotted. Right: two plots showing the explained variance (R²) of the offspring’s PC1 by the North-South gradient based on the offspring’s birthplace, per parental educational group. <i>B</i>—Left: geographic distribution of PC2. Right: two plots showing R² between offspring PC2 and the East-West gradient based on offspring’s birth place.</p

The LD-structure of <i>PCLO</i>.

<p>The LD-structure of <i>PCLO</i> shown in an r²-plot created in Haploview. The plot shows the LD-block in which the SNPs with the lowest P-values were found. Non-synonymous coding SNP rs2522833, rs2715147 and rs2715148 are in high r² with each other.</p

Linear fit for the Z-scores and correlation (√r²) between markers and rs2715147.

<p>The linear fit with Z-scores versus r relative to rs2715147, for 77 markers in <i>PCLO</i>.</p

Selected genes, their function and the number of tag SNPs required to reach 100% coverage at m.a.f.>0.1 and r2>0.8.

<p>Selected genes, their function and the number of tag SNPs required to reach 100% coverage at m.a.f.>0.1 and r2>0.8.</p

The haplotypes with the lowest P-values, per gene.

<p>The haplotypes with the lowest P-values, per gene.</p

Coverage calculated for each gene at r²>0.8 m.a.f.>0.1 before and after fine mapping.

<p>Coverage calculated for each gene at r²>0.8 m.a.f.>0.1 before and after fine mapping.</p

The number of <i>cis-</i>regulated tags per gene.

<p>The percentages of cis-regulated tags mapping into the same gene are indicated (781 genes overall). For nearly half of the genes (48%) only one tag shows an eQTL effect. If multiple tags map within the same gene, only one eQTL tag should pass the FDR<0.05 significance threshold while the other tag could be less significant. For these eQTLs the allelic direction is shown: same allelic direction (multiple tags within the same gene are cis-regulated by a SNP in the same direction), significantly opposite allelic direction (multiple tags within the same gene are cis-regulated by a SNP but with opposite directions and the difference between the correlation coefficients is significant), or opposite allelic direction but not significant (if the difference between correlation coefficients is not significant).</p

<i>Cis-</i>regulating SNPs significantly^* affecting multiple tags of the same gene in opposite directions.

*<p>Only significant eQTLs with FDR<0.05 for both <i>cis-</i>regulated tags were used.</p

Trait-associated SNPs affecting DeepSAGE tags of 94 peripheral blood samples, but not detected in an array-based eQTL dataset of 1,469 peripheral blood samples.

<p>Trait-associated SNPs affecting DeepSAGE tags of 94 peripheral blood samples, but not detected in an array-based eQTL dataset of 1,469 peripheral blood samples.</p