354 research outputs found
Density response and collective modes of semi-holographic non-Fermi liquids
Semi-holographic models of non-Fermi liquids have been shown to have
generically stable generalised quasi-particles on the Fermi surface. Although
these excitations are broad and exhibit particle-hole asymmetry, they were
argued to be stable from interactions at the Fermi surface. In this work, we
use this observation to compute the density response and collective behaviour
in these systems.
Compared to the Fermi liquid case, we find that the boundaries of the
particle-hole continuum are blurred by incoherent contributions. However, there
is a region inside this continuum, that we call inner core, within which
salient features of the Fermi liquid case are preserved. A particularly
striking prediction of our work is that these systems support a plasmonic
collective excitation which is well-defined at large momenta, has an
approximately linear dispersion relation and is located in the low-energy tail
of the particle-hole continuum.
Furthermore, the dynamic screening potential shows deep attractive regions as
a function of the distance at higher frequencies which might lead to long-lived
pair formation depending on the behaviour of the pair susceptibility. We also
find that Friedel oscillations are present in these systems but are highly
suppressed.Comment: 45 pages; 24 figures; published versio
Time evolution of a toy semiholographic glasma
We extend our previous study of a toy model for coupling classical Yang-Mills
equations for describing overoccupied gluons at the saturation scale with a
strongly coupled infrared sector modeled by AdS/CFT. Including propagating
modes in the bulk we find that the Yang-Mills sector loses its initial energy
to a growing black hole in the gravity dual such that there is a conserved
energy-momentum tensor for the total system while entropy grows monotonically.
This involves a numerical AdS simulation with a backreacted boundary source far
from equilibrium.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, v2: minor changes in section 3 and
acknowledgement
Saturation of the Quantum Null Energy Condition in Far-From-Equilibrium Systems
The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) is a new local energy condition that
a general Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is believed to satisfy, relating the
classical null energy condition (NEC) to the second functional derivative of
the entanglement entropy in the corresponding null direction. We present the
first series of explicit computations of QNEC in a strongly coupled QFT, using
holography. We consider the vacuum, thermal equilibrium, a homogeneous
far-from-equilibrium quench as well as a colliding system that violates NEC.
For vacuum and the thermal phase QNEC is always weaker than NEC. While for the
homogeneous quench QNEC is satisfied with a finite gap, we find the interesting
result that the colliding system can saturate QNEC, depending on the null
direction.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Impact of large-mass constraints on the properties of neutron stars
The maximum mass of a nonrotating neutron star, , plays a very
important role in deciphering the structure and composition of neutron stars
and in revealing the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter. Although with a
large-error bar, the recent mass estimate for the black-widow binary pulsar PSR
J0952-0607, i.e. , provides the strongest lower bound on
and suggests that neutron stars with very large masses can in
principle be observed. Adopting an agnostic modelling of the EOS, we study the
impact that large masses have on the neutron-star properties. In particular, we
show that assuming constrains tightly the
behaviour of the pressure as a function of the energy density and moves the
lower bounds for the stellar radii to values that are significantly larger than
those constrained by the NICER measurements, rendering the latter ineffective
in constraining the EOS. We also provide updated analytic expressions for the
lower bound on the binary tidal deformability in terms of the chirp mass and
show how larger bounds on lead to tighter constraints for this
quantity. In addition, we point out a novel quasi-universal relation for the
pressure profile inside neutron stars that is only weakly dependent from the
EOS and the maximum-mass constraint. Finally, we study how the sound speed and
the conformal anomaly are distributed inside neutron stars and show how these
quantities depend on the imposed maximum-mass constraints.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 appendi
An Approach to Reduce Commissioning and Ramp-up time for Multi-variant Production in Automated Production Facilities
A key requirement for future production facilities is to perform new production processes in a flexible and adaptive way with available and known resources. In this context, a comprehensive description (ontology) of involved components has a high significance. If certain technological aspects are missing during a production process, the production control should respond in a dynamic, versatile and adaptive (agile) manner to the overall value network. The possibility to describe the requirements of products for the necessary processes in the same namespace like the requirements of the necessary processes for the resources is a prerequisite to enable this behavior. Afterwards the different requirements will be placed in relation to the respective requirements. The aim is to define the necessary processes for the production based on the description of the product and the known resources in an agile way. Due to this a framework for a comprehensive description of automated production facilities, products and processes is described in this paper. The idea is that based on this framework a production facility can change the produced products without dedicated commissioning and ramp-up phases
Conversion of ileo-pouch anal anastomosis to continent ileostomy: strategic surgical considerations and outcome
Aim: The aim was to evaluate surgical strategies for conversion of failed ileo-pouch anal
anastomosis (IPAA) to continent ileostomy (CI), taking morbidity and overall outcome into
account. The hypothesis was that complex conversions are equivalent to the primary
construction of a CI at the time of proctocolectomy.
Method: This was a retrospective analysis of IPAA conversions acknowledging the underlying disease (inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and non-IBD) and extent of pouch
reconstruction (PR): type 1 (without PR), type 2 (partial PR), and type 3 (complete PR).
Results: Twenty-six patients (IBD, n = 16; non-IBD, n = 10) were converted (type 1,
n = 13; type 2, n = 7; and type 3, n = 6).12/26 patients (46.2%) presented postoperative complications directly related to the conversion with scarification of two pouches.
In a mean follow-up time of 7.5 ± 6.6 years, 5/24 patients required revisional surgery.
Of these, three required pouch excision. The cumulative probability of reoperation at
the end of the second year increased to 21.7% and remained constant thereafter until
the maximum follow-up time of 26 years. The total pouch loss rate was 19.2% (5/26), of
which all occurred in the first 3 years. No statistically significant differences were found
between the conversion types, complications or pouch survival. For all parameters, IBD
patients performed slightly unfavourably. Due to the overall small number of respective
patients, a differentiated investigation of IBD was not performed.
Conclusion: Complex conversion procedures (types 1 and 2) deliver comparable longterm results to new constructions (type 3), thereby limiting the loss of small bowel. IBD
compromises outcome versus non-IBD
Exploring nonlocal observables in shock wave collisions
We study the time evolution of 2-point functions and entanglement entropy in
strongly anisotropic, inhomogeneous and time-dependent N=4 super Yang-Mills
theory in the large N and large 't Hooft coupling limit using AdS/CFT. On the
gravity side this amounts to calculating the length of geodesics and area of
extremal surfaces in the dynamical background of two colliding gravitational
shockwaves, which we do numerically. We discriminate between three classes of
initial conditions corresponding to wide, intermediate and narrow shocks, and
show that they exhibit different phenomenology with respect to the nonlocal
observables that we determine. Our results permit to use (holographic)
entanglement entropy as an order parameter to distinguish between the two
phases of the cross-over from the transparency to the full-stopping scenario in
dynamical Yang-Mills plasma formation, which is frequently used as a toy model
for heavy ion collisions. The time evolution of entanglement entropy allows to
discern four regimes: highly efficient initial growth of entanglement, linear
growth, (post) collisional drama and late time (polynomial) fall off.
Surprisingly, we found that 2-point functions can be sensitive to the geometry
inside the black hole apparent horizon, while we did not find such cases for
the entanglement entropy.Comment: 28 pp, 9 figs; v2: updated references, changed color bars in Figure 2
and Figure
On the Sound Speed in Neutron Stars
Determining the sound speed in compact stars is an important open
question with numerous implications on the behaviour of matter at large
densities and hence on gravitational-wave emission from neutron stars. To this
scope, we construct more than equations of state (EOSs) with continuous
sound speed and build more than nonrotating stellar models consistent
not only with nuclear theory and perturbative QCD, but also with astronomical
observations. In this way, we find that EOSs with sub-conformal sound speeds,
i.e. with within the stars, are possible in principle but very
unlikely in practice, being only of our sample. Hence, it is natural
to expect that somewhere in the stellar interior. Using our large
sample, we obtain estimates at credibility of neutron-star radii for
representative stars with and solar masses,
, , and for the binary tidal deformability of the GW170817 event,
. Interestingly, our lower-bounds on
the radii are in very good agreement with the prediction derived from very
different arguments, namely, the threshold mass. Finally, we provide simple
analytic expressions to determine the minimum and maximum values of
as a function of the chirp mass.Comment: 7 pages + Supplemental Material, 5 figures, comments welcom
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