The Suffering Moses in the Pentateuch and Psalms

The article shows the prophetic profile of Moses from the perspective of the “final text” of Deuteronomy especially in Deut 4 and Deut 29–30. In Deut 30:1–10, Moses announces the circumcision of hearts. Moses’ song in Deut 32 confirms his message of doom and final salvation for the people of Israel. It solves the question of collective salvation of the people by a kind of canonical theology, quoting as a subtext Prophets, Psalms and Wisdom Literature. However, Deuteronomy has no answer to Moses’ fate of suffering death. He has to die, so that instead of him the written Torah can accompany the people on their way into the Promised Land. Moses’ fate of suffering death is not at all over because Pss 90–92 function also as a subtext for Moses’ individual fate, developing a perspective of salvation for him as a kind of subtext for the Moses narrative in Deuteronomy. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312–3621/2021/v34n1a1

Torah and prophecy : a debate of changing identities

Prof. Dr Eckart Otto is an extraordinary Professor at the University of Pretoria.The study interprets the postexilic book of Deuteronomy as a prophetic testament, which characterises Moses as the only arch-prophet (Dt 34). This was a position not of prophetic groups of the Second Temple Period, but of priestly scribes who were responsible for the postexilic redaction of the Pentateuch. They were in a discourse with postexilic groups and schools of prophetic scribes who denied the priestly theory of legitimate prophecy, especially in the book of Jeremiah, but also in Isaiah. The study highlights the discussion and draws some conclusions about postexilic circles of authors in Torah and prophecy.http://www.ve.org.zaam2013mn201

Politische Theologie in den K�nigspsalmen zwischen �gypten und Assyrien Die Herrscherlegitimation in den Psalmen 2 und 18 in ihren altorientalischen Kontexten

This article deals especially with Psalm 2* and Psalm 18* and they are understood against a neo-Assyrian context. During� the latter part of the eight� and� the first half of� the seventh century the� neo-Assyrian power was especially felt in Judah and the influence of its royal ideology can� clearly be detected in these two psalms. Psalm 89*� and Psalm 72* were also influenced by the Assyrian royal theology but these motifs were used in a subversive way. In Psalm 2* and Psalm 18* the neo-Assyrian motifs were employed to elaborate the Jerusalem royal ideology.

Rechtsgeschichte der Redaktionen im Kodex Ešnunna und im "Bundesbuch": Eine Redaktionsgeschichtliche und rechtsvergleichende Studie zu altbabylonischen und altisraelitischen Rechtsüberlieferungen

Die Redaktionstechniken im „Bundesbuch“ sind Teil einer altorientalischen Rechtskultur. Parallelen in der Redaktion von Rechtssätzen zwischen dem Kodex Ešnunna und dem «Bundesbuch» werden ebenso deutlich wie die Vorgeschichte einiger altisraelitischer Redaktionstechniken im Keilschriftrecht. Die Analyse der Redaktionen gibt auch der Frage nach der Funktion dieser Rechtskorpora neue Impulse. Sie sind weder Gesetzbücher positiven Rechts noch gelehrte Werke fern einer rechtspraktischen Funktion im Rechtsprozess, sondern Lehrbücher, die für den Rechtsentscheid schulen wollen, in dem sie in das Verfahren der Entscheidung, besonders im Analogieschluss, einüben. Sie zeigen auf, wo ein Analogieschluss in den Rechtsfolgen möglich und wo Abgrenzung notwendig ist. Nicht nur der je einzelne Rechtssatz, sondern der Rechtssatz im Kontext der Redaktion der Sammlung sollte zukünftig Thema der rechtshistorischen und rechtsvergleichenden Analyse sein

Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau, p-Tau 181 and Amyloid-beta(38/40/42) in Frontotemporal Dementias and Primary Progressive Aphasias

Background/Aims: We determined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid-beta(A beta)(1-38), A beta(1-40), A beta(1-42), total tau and phospho-tau (p-tau) in order to study their differential expression in frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 25) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA, n = 12) as compared to Alzheimer's dementia (AD, n = 25) and nondemented controls (n = 20). Methods: Commercially available ELISA and electrochemiluminescence methods were applied. Results: High CSF p-tau and low ratios of A beta(1-42)/A beta(1-40) and A beta(1-42)/A beta(1-38), respectively, were specific for AD. CSF A beta(1-38) was reduced in FTD as compared to each of the other diagnostic groups, including PPA. CSF tau and p-tau levels were elevated in PPA as compared to FTD. Conclusion: This is the first detailed report on biomarker patterns in PPA, indicating distinct CSF biomarker patterns in FTD and PPA as major subgroups of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The diagnostic and pathophysiological implications of our results warrant further studies on larger and neuropathologically diagnosed patient populations. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Base

Early and Differential Diagnosis of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Design and Cohort Baseline Characteristics of the German Dementia Competence Network

Background: The German Dementia Competence Network (DCN) has established procedures for standardized multicenter acquisition of clinical, biological and imaging data, for centralized data management, and for the evaluation of new treatments. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was set up for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), patients with mild dementia and control subjects. The aims were to establish the diagnostic, differential diagnostic and prognostic power of a range of clinical, laboratory and imaging methods. Furthermore, 2 clinical trials were conducted with patients suffering from MCI and mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease (AD). These trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of the combination of galantamine and memantine versus galantamine alone. Results: Here, we report on the scope and projects of the DCN, the methods that were employed, the composition and flow within the diverse groups of patients and control persons and on the clinical and neuropsychological baseline characteristics of the group of 2,113 subjects who participated in the observational and clinical trials. Conclusion: These data have an impact on the procedures for the early and differential clinical diagnosis of dementias, the current standard treatment of AD as well as on future clinical trials in AD. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Base

Apolipoprotein E-dependent load of white matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer’s disease: a voxel-based lesion mapping study

Introduction: White matter (WM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hyperintensities are common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but their pathophysiological relevance and relationship to genetic factors are unclear. In the present study, we investigated potential apolipoprotein E (APOE)-dependent effects on the extent and cognitive impact of WM hyperintensities in patients with AD. Methods: WM hyperintensity volume on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of 201 patients with AD (128 carriers and 73 non-carriers of the APOE ε4 risk allele) was determined globally as well as regionally with voxel-based lesion mapping. Clinical, neuropsychological and MRI data were collected from prospective multicenter trials conducted by the German Dementia Competence Network. Results: WM hyperintensity volume was significantly greater in non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele. Lesion distribution was similar among ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Only ε4 non-carriers showed a correlation between lesion volume and cognitive performance. Conclusion: The current findings indicate an increased prevalence of WM hyperintensities in non-carriers compared with carriers of the APOE ε4 allele among patients with AD. This is consistent with a possibly more pronounced contribution of heterogeneous vascular risk factors to WM damage and cognitive impairment in patients with AD without APOE ε4-mediated risk

Memory Concerns, Memory Performance and Risk of Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: Concerns about worsening memory ("memory concerns"; MC) and impairment in memory performance are both predictors of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). The relationship of both in dementia prediction at the pre-dementia disease stage, however, is not well explored. Refined understanding of the contribution of both MC and memory performance in dementia prediction is crucial for defining at-risk populations. We examined the risk of incident AD by MC and memory performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We analyzed data of 417 MCI patients from a longitudinal multicenter observational study. Patients were classified based on presence (n=305) vs. absence (n=112) of MC. Risk of incident AD was estimated with Cox Proportional-Hazards regression models. Results: Risk of incident AD was increased by MC (HR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.33-4.89), lower memory performance (HR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.56-0.71) and ApoE4-genotype (HR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.18-3.02). An interaction effect between MC and memory performance was observed. The predictive power of MC was greatest for patients with very mild memory impairment and decreased with increasing memory impairment. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the power of MC as a predictor of future dementia at the MCI stage varies with the patients' level of cognitive impairment. While MC are predictive at early stage MCI, their predictive value at more advanced stages of MCI is reduced. This suggests that loss of insight related to AD may occur at the late stage of MCI

Memory Concerns, Memory Performance and Risk of Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: Concerns about worsening memory ("memory concerns"; MC) and impairment in memory performance are both predictors of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). The relationship of both in dementia prediction at the pre-dementia disease stage, however, is not well explored. Refined understanding of the contribution of both MC and memory performance in dementia prediction is crucial for defining at-risk populations. We examined the risk of incident AD by MC and memory performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We analyzed data of 417 MCI patients from a longitudinal multicenter observational study. Patients were classified based on presence (n=305) vs. absence (n=112) of MC. Risk of incident AD was estimated with Cox Proportional-Hazards regression models. Results: Risk of incident AD was increased by MC (HR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.33-4.89), lower memory performance (HR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.56-0.71) and ApoE4-genotype (HR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.18-3.02). An interaction effect between MC and memory performance was observed. The predictive power of MC was greatest for patients with very mild memory impairment and decreased with increasing memory impairment. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the power of MC as a predictor of future dementia at the MCI stage varies with the patients' level of cognitive impairment. While MC are predictive at early stage MCI, their predictive value at more advanced stages of MCI is reduced. This suggests that loss of insight related to AD may occur at the late stage of MCI