Memoir of a West Pointer in Florida: 1825

In the early summer of 1825 the group of Seminoles relegated to the Big Swamp area of central Florida by the treaty of Moultrie Creek, signed two years before, were subjected to a drought so severe that nearly their whole crop was destroyed. Forced to subsist upon game, the Indians obtained permission from Major Gad Humphreys, their agent at the post that later became known as Fort King, to send hunting parties beyond the boundaries of their reservation to the north. While the incursion of Indian hunters into territories belonging legally to white settlers was absolutely necessary for the survival of the Seminoles and was approved officially by an agent of the Government, the whites greeted these parties with increasing alarm

Memoir of a West Pointer in Saint Augustine: 1824-1826

In May, 1824, Second Lieutenant Alfred Beckley of the Fourth Artillery, United States Army, reported for duty at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida, where he remained until April, 1826. He was green and untried - a twenty-two year old West Pointer who had graduated ninth in the Class of 1823- and except for his aversion to “French brandy” and “Old Sledge,” he was perhaps a typical example of the officer-gentleman that was the backbone of the peacetime army of that time. Born in Washington City in 1802, Beckley could recall as guests in his home such dignitaries as Joel Barlow, George Clinton, and Thomas Jefferson, all of them political friends of his father, John James Beckley, one of the founders of the Jeffersonian Republican [Democratic] party

The added value of quantitative multi-voxel MR spectroscopy in breast magnetic resonance imaging

To determine whether quantitative multivoxel MRS improves the accuracy of MRI in the assessment of breast lesions. Twenty-five consecutive patients with 26 breast lesions a parts per thousand yen1 cm assessed as BI-RADS 3 or 4 with mammography underwent quantitative multivoxel MRS and contrast-enhanced MRI. The choline (Cho) concentration was calculated using the unsuppressed water signal as a concentration reference. ROC analysis established the diagnostic accuracy of MRI and MRS in the assessment of breast lesions. Respective Cho concentrations in 26 breast lesions re-classified by MRI as BI-RADS 2 (n = 5), 3 (n = 8), 4 (n = 5) and 5 (n = 8) were 1.16 +/- 0.43 (mean +/- SD), 1.43 +/- 0.47, 2.98 +/- 2.15 and 4.94 +/- 3.10 mM. Two BI-RADS 3 lesions and all BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were malignant on histopathology and had Cho concentrations between 1.7 and 11.8 mM (4.03 +/- 2.72 SD), which were significantly higher (P = 0.01) than that in the 11 benign lesions (0.4-1.5 mM; 1.19 +/- 0.33 SD). Furthermore, Cho concentrations in the benign and malignant breast lesions in BI-RADS 3 category differed (P = 0.01). The accuracy of combined multivoxel MRS/breast MRI BI-RADS re-classification (AUC = 1.00) exceeded that of MRI alone (AUC = 0.96 +/- 0.03). These preliminary data indicate that multivoxel MRS improves the accuracy of MRI when using a Cho concentration cut-off a parts per thousand currency sign1.5 mM for benign lesions. Key Points aEuro cent Quantitative multivoxel MR spectroscopy can improve the accuracy of contrast-enhanced breast MRI. aEuro cent Multivoxel-MRS can differentiate breast lesions by using the highest Cho-concentration. aEuro cent Multivoxel-MRS can exclude patients with benign breast lesions from further invasive diagnostic procedures

Hemingway’s The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber

Suggests Wilson’s reference to Macomber as a “four-letter man” links him to high school and college athletes earning their varsity letters. For Wilson, true manhood is achieved through hunting dangerous game, not by collecting trophies on the gridiron