Fatty Acid Profiles and Nutritional Indices/Ratios of Colostrum and Transient Milk from Landrace, Large White, and Landrace × Large White Crossbred Sows

Fatty acid (FA) profiles are needed to assess the nutritional quality of sow colostrum and transient milk that may be used in developing milk replacer diets for piglets and their possible use as a functional food or nutraceutical. This study analyzed the FA profiles and compared the FA-based nutritional indices/ratios of colostrum and transient milk from Landrace, Large White, and Landrace × Large White crossbred sows in a swine nucleus breeding farm in the Philippines. Colostrum and transient milk samples were collected by hand within 24 h after parturition and 36–72 h after farrowing, respectively; immediately frozen at –20 °C until analyzed for FA composition by gas chromatography. Among the major FAs with the highest proportions, palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid LA (C18:2 n-6) were higher in colostrum (20.7% and 25.0%, respectively) than in transient milk (18.7% and 18.8%, respectively). Oleic acid (C18:1 n9c) was higher in transient milk (34.9%) than in colostrum (32.2%). The polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) to saturated FA (SFA) ratio was higher in sow colostrum (0.81:1) than transient milk (0.65:1). However, transient milk had better linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid C18:3 n-3 (LA/ALA) ratio, more balanced omega-6 to omega-3 (n-6/n-3) ratio, slightly lower atherogenicity index (IA= 0.43 vs 0.46) and thrombogenicity index (IT= 0.81 vs 0.85), higher health-promoting index (HPI= 2.33 vs 2.16), and higher hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H= 2.66:1 vs 2.55:1) than colostrum. Both colostrum and transient milk from Large White sows had lower IA and IT values and higher PUFA/SFA ratio, HPI, and h/H ratio compared to Landrace sows. Crossbred sows had colostrum and transient milk with lower average IT than purebred sows. The PUFA/SFA ratio, HPI, and h/H ratio in colostrum were also higher for crossbred sows than for purebred sows. In conclusion, colostrum from crossbred sows may be used in the preparation of milk replacer formulations for piglets, while transient milk, especially from Large White sows, may be considered in the development of sow milk - based supplements in the human diet

Composition and Yield of Colostrum and Milk from Murrah and “Murrah x Carabao” Crosses in the Philippines

This study compared the composition, yield, and freezing point of buffalo colostrum and milk collected on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day of lactation from purebred Murrah and its crosses with the Philippine Carabao. A total of 133 milk samples were collected from 36 buffaloes (20 purebred Murrah and 16 “Murrah x Carabao” crosses) and evaluated for fat, protein, and lactose content, solids non-fat (SNF), total solids, and freezing point. Colostrum contained significantly (p<0.05) more protein, SNF, total solids, and higher freezing point, but less moisture and lactose, and were produced in lower amounts than milk obtained on different days of lactation. Fat percentage was not significantly different (p>0.05) between colostrum and milk. Colostrum from Murrah buffaloes had more protein but less fat and colostrum yield than “Murrah x Carabao” crosses. Among crossbred buffaloes, the F2 “75% Murrah – 25% Carabao” crosses produced more colostrum than F1 “50% Murrah – 50% Carabao” (p<0.05). Older buffaloes also produced more colostrum. Milk parameters were similar for Murrah and “Murrah x Carabao” crosses, except for test-day milk yield, which was significantly higher in “Murrah x Carabao” crosses. The F1 crossbred buffaloes had milk containing more lactose and SNF, but lower freezing point than milk from F2 crossbred buffaloes. Buffaloes, already with more lactations, had higher test-day milk yield but with lower fat and total solids. High monthly temperature reduced test-day milk yield. In conclusion, breed differences, age at calving, number of lactations, and high monthly temperature may have caused changes in the composition and yield of buffalo colostrum and milk

A correlational study on perceived stress, eating behavior, and body mass of the grade 12 students of De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute Special Health Sciences Senior High School

This study clearly focuses on significant relationship between perceived stress, eating behavior and body mass of Grade 12 students of DLSMHSI. The relationship of demographic variables such as age, sex and body mass index to the independent variable was examined and identified. The respondents that will take part in study are particularly grade 12 students only of DLSMHSI SHSSHS that are willing to take part in research with their consent letter. The population of the respondents are 96 Grade 12 students only. The research was done during the most possible and preferred time of the Grade 12 students. In obtaining relevant data, researchers prepared a customized questionnaire for the respondents to answer

Development of monogenic lines of rice for blast resistance

This article does not have an abstract

Identification of blast resistance genes in elite indica-type varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Seven blast resistance genes- Pi20, Pita, Pik (one of Pik alleles, Pik, Pik-h, Pik-m, and Pik-p), Pib, Pik-s, Piz-t, and Pia- were identified in International rice Research Institute (IRRI)- bred rice varieties through genetic analysed based on a differential system. Segregation analyses were performed using BCF populations derived from crosses of six varieties (IR34, IR36, IR60, IR74, IR46 and IR64) with a susceptible Indica-type variety C)39, and allelism tests using F populations derived from crossed of nine varieties (IR34, IR24, IR36, IR60, PSB Rcl, IR74, IR56, IR70, and IR64) with differential varieties carrying known blast resistance genes. Selected Philippine blast isolates of Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. with known avirulence were used in the analyses. The genotype for blast resistance of each variety was identified based on a gene-for-gene relationship between resistance in rice and avirulence in the blast pathogen. Among the genes identified, Pib and Pik-s or Pik were detected in nearly all IRRI varieties used. Some genes that were not estimated from the reaction patterns of IRRI varieties in the previous analysis due to the masking effect of Pita, Pik, and Pi20 were also identified

Relationship between the level of anxiety of resident doctors and patient satisfaction in De La Salle University Medical Center Out-Patient Department in January, 2015

This study employed the cross-sectional design. Thirty-four (34) resident doctors who were in different years of training and specialization except psychiatric and pediatrics and their 124 patients who were 20 years old and above, ambulatory, conscious and coherent, and on their first visit who needed healthcare consultation. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analysed using percentage and frequency. The findings of this study revealed that most of the resident doctors (70.59% or 24 of 35) in DLSUMC OPD had normal anxiety. Majority of the patients (88.80% or 111 or 125) were satisfied to the care rendered to them. Using the statistical tools, results showed that there was a significant relationship between gender of resident doctors and level of anxiety (p=0.0306) as well as between civil status of the patients and patient satisfaction (p=0.0034)