LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN TERM OF ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS IN NORTH OF IRAN

ABSTRACT Energy and economic analysis of agro ecosystems seems to be a promising approach to assess environmental problems and their relations to sustainability. The objectives of this study were to perform energy indices, energy balance indices, economical indices and life cycle assessment emission for lentil production in north of Iran. Data were collected from 72 farms by used a face to face questionnaire method during 2011 year in Guilan province. By using of consumed data as inputs and total production as output, and their concern equivalent energy, energy balance and energy indices were calculated. Energy efficiency for rain fed farming lentil production in this study was calculated 0.47, showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems lentil production. Energy balance efficiency for rain fed farming lentil production in this study was calculated 0.32, showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems lentil production. Results showed the benefit to cost ratio in the studied farms was calculated to be 2.04. Also, Results showed that, total green house gases emissions for lentil production were calculated as1002.0 kgCO 2eq ha -1

ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science DETERMINATION OF ENERGY BALANCE AND ENERGY INDICES IN WHEAT PRODUCTION UNDER WATERED FARMING IN NORTH OF IRAN

ABSTRACT One way to evaluation of sustainable development in agriculture is using of energy flow method. This method in an agricultural product system is the energy consuming in product operations and energy saving in produced crops. In this article, evaluation of energy balance and energy indices under watered farming wheat in north of Iran (Guilan province) was investigated. Data were collected from 72 farms by using a face to face questionnaire method during 2011 year in Guilan province. By using of consumed data as inputs and total production as output, and their concern equivalent energy, energy balance and energy indices were calculated. Energy efficiency (energy output to input energy ratio) for seed and straw in this study were calculated to be 2.47 and 2.48, respectively, showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems wheat production. Energy balance efficiency (production energy to consumption energy ratio) for seed and straw in this study were calculated 1.50 and 1.29, respectively, showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems wheat production

ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science EVALUATION ENERGY BALANCE OF CANOLA PRODUCTION UNDER RAIN FED FARMING IN NORTH OF IRAN

ABSTRACT Energy in agriculture is important in terms of crop production and agro processing for value adding. Canola is one of important rapeseed that it is tilled in dry farming systems in north of Iran. This method in an agricultural product system is the energy consuming in product operations and energy saving in produced crops. In this article, evaluation of energy indices under rain fed farming canola in north of Iran (Guilan province) was investigated. Data were collected from 72 farms by using a face to face questionnaire method during 2011 year in Guilan province. By using of consumed data as inputs and total production as output, and their concern equivalent energy, and energy indices were calculated. The average seed yield of canola was found to be 780 kg/ha and its energy equivalent was calculated to be 1820 MJ/ha. Energy efficiency (energy output to input energy ratio) for seed was calculated to be 1.29, showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems canola production. Nonrenewable energy was 94.48% total input energy that concluded that canola production needs to improve the efficiency of energy consumption in production and to employ renewable energy

ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF MS MEDIUM LEVELS ON ROOTING IN MICRO CUTTINGS OF TEA (Camellia sinensis L.) UNDER IN-VITRO CULTURE CONDITION

ABSTRACT Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.)] is one of the most important beverage crops in the Iran. There has been a steady demand for production and supply of cuttings of different varieties for tea gardens in Iran. In order to study the effects of MS medium levels (full MS, half MS and redundancy MS) with 1mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone on rooting in micro cuttings of tea, an experiment as RCBD with four replications was conducted during 2010 at Research Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Lahijan University in Iran. The culture bed were contained MS levels (full MS, half MS and redundancy MS), 1mg/L IBA hormone, sucrose (3%) and agar (75%). The results show that MS medium levels with IBA hormone on root length and root number in micro cuttings of tea had a significant difference in 1 % probability level. The highest root length (17.22 mm) and root number (4.93) in micro cuttings of tea were obtained with application redundancy MS medium (25% macro element) and 1mg/L IBA. The lowest root length (3.17 mm) and root number (0.68) in micro cuttings of tea were obtained with application full MS medium (25% macro element) and 1mg/L IBA

Determination of most important part of yield components by Path Analysis in corn

Abstract: In order to study of direct and indirect effects of yield components on corn yield for find the most important effective part on yield, an experiment in researching filed of Lahijan Islamic Azad University in 2009 was conducted. This experiment in Split plot format based on Randomized complete block design with two factors, main factor consist of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and sub factor consist of rows spacing (30, 40 and 50 cm) in three replications was performed. In this experiment, Single cross 704 cultivar was used and path analysis for determination of most important part of yield under these treatments was conduced. Determination of most important part of yield can use in agronomical and corrective managements. Results were showed that corn yield had significant correlation with ear length, rows in ear, plant height and ear per plant (r≥0.58). Among yield components, ear length was most determinative and most effective trait among other traits on yield, ear length increases had a positive effect on yield increasing and also indirectly affect yield from way of rows per ear and 1000 grain weight

Estimate energy, energy balance and economic indices of watered farming watermelon production in North of Iran

Abstract Efficient use of energy in agriculture is one of the conditions for sustainable production. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of input-output energy used in watermelon production and to make an economic analysis of watermelon production under watered farming in Guilan province, Iran. In this article, evaluation of energy balance and energy indices under watered farming watermelon in north of Iran (Guilan province) were investigated. Data were collected from 72 farms by used a face to face questionnaire method during 2010 year in Guilan province. By using of consumed data as inputs and total production as output, and their concern equivalent energy, energy balance and energy indices were calculated. Energy efficiency (energy output to input energy ratio) for yield in this study was calculated 1.75; showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems watermelon production. Energy balance efficiency (production energy to consumption energy ratio) for yield in this study was calculated 0.55; showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems watermelon production. Results of economic analysis showed the benefit to cost ratio in the studied farms was calculated to be 1.88. Therefore watermelon production was a cost effective business based on the data of the 2010 season of watermelon production under watered farming in north of Iran

Estimate energy, energy balance and economic indices of watered farming watermelon production in North of Iran

Abstract Efficient use of energy in agriculture is one of the conditions for sustainable production. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of input-output energy used in watermelon production and to make an economic analysis of watermelon production under watered farming in Guilan province, Iran. In this article, evaluation of energy balance and energy indices under watered farming watermelon in north of Iran (Guilan province) were investigated. Data were collected from 72 farms by used a face to face questionnaire method during 2010 year in Guilan province. By using of consumed data as inputs and total production as output, and their concern equivalent energy, energy balance and energy indices were calculated. Energy efficiency (energy output to input energy ratio) for yield in this study was calculated 1.75; showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems watermelon production. Energy balance efficiency (production energy to consumption energy ratio) for yield in this study was calculated 0.55; showing the affective use of energy in the agro ecosystems watermelon production. Results of economic analysis showed the benefit to cost ratio in the studied farms was calculated to be 1.88. Therefore watermelon production was a cost effective business based on the data of the 2010 season of watermelon production under watered farming in north of Iran