Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel

Spray Freeze Drying as a Smart Method in Preparation of Ultra-Fine CeO2-MOX Materials

Cerium-oxide based nano-materials attract increasing interest for their use in multiple applications. In particular, the substitution of Ce atoms by other elements with lower or higher oxidation state is used to control oxygen vacancies within the oxide structures, which can greatly enhance the material properties for catalysis applications. Among the synthesis approaches, spray freeze drying method has been proved to be an extremely efficient method for the preparation of uniform nano-partical for different application. In this method, the pure solution or mixed solutions were directly sprayed into liquid nitrogen and immediately frozen to form a suspension, then, the iced droplets were dried in the freeze-dryer to reach the final product. However, in this work we deal with, the preparation of ultra-fine materials based on CeO2 fluorite structures and the substitution in its lattice with La and/or Co metal. The effect of Ce/La ratio on the properties of the final product was also investigated. During the experiment, the advantage of spray-freeze-drying process was successfully achieved. The characterization of the powder product was analyzed by means of EDX, TGA, XRD, DLS, and TEM which confirm the formation of nano-particles in the fluorite structure. For Ce:Co and when the Ce: La ratio is 0.2, 0.5, only cubic phase of CeO2-MO2 solid solution with ?uorite structure is observed with hig oxygen storage capacity, while Ce-La1 show the hcp structure of lanthanum. Keywords: nano-materials, Ceria, Lanthanium, metal loading spray freeze dryin

Numerical Evaluation and Analysis for Hydrogen Production Via Ethanol Steam Reforming

In the present study, two series of Ni/Ce/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared. The first one is n% Ni/Ce0.74Zr0.26O2 (n = 0, 2, 10 and 20 wt %). The second is 10%Ni / m (Ce/ZrO2) (m = 0, 4, 6 and 8). Catalysts have been investigated for ethanol steam reforming (ESR) to produce hydrogen. The reaction was studied in an atmospheric flow system, the temperature range was 200-600 ºC and water/ethanol (6, 8, 10 molar ratio). The effect of using H2O2 as an oxidant in auto-thermal reforming of ethanol has been also investigated (at 400 ºC, and H2O2/ethanol ratio = 8) to get highest hydrogen selectivity with lower CO ratio. Numerical evaluation and analysis have been performed for the above obtained results. It has been observed that the ethanol conversion, hydrogen production and some of the various investigated relations are functions of more than one independent variable. So, the response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed to evaluate these relations. Key Words: Numerical analysis, Response surface methodology, Ethanol steam reforming, Ni/Ce/ZrO2 catalysts

Data for: β-FeOOH/C nanocomposite for elemental mercury removal as a new approach to environmental and industrial processes

(A), (B) cumulative adsorption capacity of elemental mercury (C) Hg° breakthrough curves onto FeOOH, C, FeOOH/C nanocomposit

Data for: β-FeOOH/C nanocomposite for elemental mercury removal as a new approach to environmental and industrial processes

(A), (B) cumulative adsorption capacity of elemental mercury (C) Hg° breakthrough curves onto FeOOH, C, FeOOH/C nanocompositeTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Fingerprinting of biomarker characteristics of some Egyptian crude oils in Northern Western Desert as evidence for organic matter input and maturity level assessment

This study describes the fingerprinting of crude oils from different Egyptian oil formations using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The samples were obtained from Gindi, Abu El gharadig, south deep Abu El gharadig, Dahab- Merier and Faghur basins from Western Desert. Diagnostic biomarkers parameters applied in this study provide evidences about the source of organic matter, the depositional environment and maturity of the studied oils. The results showed that the crude oils of Faghur basin are believed to be originated from mixed source predominately terrestrial with chief contribution of clastic rocks deposited under oxic conditions. However, the crude oils from Gindi, Abu El gharadig, South deep Abu El gharadig and Dahab- Merier basins were generated from marine carbonate source rock deposited under anoxic depositional environment. Keywords: Egypt, Biomarkers, GC–MS, Depositional environment, Maturity, Western Deser

Distribution of triterpanes and steranes biomarkers as indication of organic matters input and depositional environments of crude oils of oilfields in Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Eight crude oils collected from different oilfields distributed within the northern, central and southern Gulf of Suez basin to detect the distribution of triterpanes and steranes biomarkers as indication of organic matter input and depositional environments of crude oils and lithology of organic matters. This achieved throughout the application of gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. The results revealed that the Gulf of Suez samples are believed to be of marine organic matter input deposited under anoxic depositional environment. Off shore samples S3 and S4 from Central Province of Gulf of Suez basin show low maturity levels, while the other samples which were of higher maturity levels. Keywords: Triterpanes, Steranes, Crude oils, Gulf of Suez, Egyp