Erprobung einer GIS gestützten Methode zur Erosionsschutz- Beratung in Biobetrieben

Durch die veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen hat sich in Deutschland die mittlere Regenerosivität in den letzten 40 Jahren deutlich erhöht (Fischer et al. 2019). Dies macht eine Anpassung des Ackerbaus, auch in ökologisch wirtschaftenden Betrieben, erforderlich. In einem zweijährigen Pilotprojekt wurde daher ein innovativer Ansatz zur Erosionsschutz-Beratung erprobt. Er wurde auf fünf Bio-Betrieben in erosionsgefährdeten Ackerbau-Gebieten Bayerns von Beratern der Öko-Erzeugerringe getestet. Eine wichtige Grundlage war dabei die Errechnung des flächengenauen Erosionspotentials mit Hilfe der Allgemeinen-Bodenabtrags-Gleichung (ABAG; Schwertmann et al. 1990), welches sich über ein geographisches Informationssystem (GIS) als Karte visualisieren lässt. In den Beratungen wurde mit Hilfe der vorbereiteten Karten das Erosionsrisiko der Ackerflächen des Betriebs besprochen und für jede gefährdete Fläche geeignete Maßnahmen zum Erosionsschutz entworfen. Die Ergebnisse der Testberatungen wurden in zwei Expertenrunden aus Landwirten, Beratern und Forschern erörtert und Vorschläge zur Optimierung sowie zur Weiterentwicklung zu einem in der Breite anwendbaren Beratungswerkzeug entworfen

Towards a standardization of biomethane potential tests

Production of biogas from different organic materials is a most interesting source of renewable energy. The biomethane potential (BMP) of these materials has to be determined to get insight in design parameters for anaerobic digesters. Although several norms and guidelines for BMP tests exist, inter-laboratory tests regularly show high variability of BMPs for the same substrate. A workshop was held in June 2015, in Leysin, Switzerland, with over 40 attendees from 30 laboratories around the world, to agree on common solutions to the conundrum of inconsistent BMP test results. This paper presents the consensus of the intense roundtable discussions and cross-comparison of methodologies used in respective laboratories. Compulsory elements for the validation of BMP results were defined. They include the minimal number of replicates, the request to carry out blank and positive control assays, a criterion for the test duration, details on BMP calculation, and last but not least criteria for rejection of the BMP tests. Finally, recommendations on items that strongly influence the outcome of BMP tests such as inoculum characteristics, substrate preparation, test setup, and data analysis are presented to increase the probability of obtaining validated and reproducible results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Towards a standardization of biomethane potential tests

ABSTRACT Production of biogas from different organic materials is a most interesting source of renewable energy. The biomethane potential (BMP) of these materials has to be determined to get insight in design parameters for anaerobic digesters. Although several norms and guidelines for BMP tests exist, inter-laboratory tests regularly show high variability of BMPs for the same substrate. A workshop was held in June 2015, in Leysin, Switzerland, with over 40 attendees from 30 laboratories around the world, to agree on common solutions to the conundrum of inconsistent BMP test results. This paper presents the consensus of the intense roundtable discussions and cross-comparison of methodologies used in respective laboratories. Compulsory elements for the validation of BMP results were defined. They include the minimal number of replicates, the request to carry out blank and positive control assays, a criterion for the test duration, details on BMP calculation, and last but not least criteria for rejection of the BMP tests. Finally, recommendations on items that strongly influence the outcome of BMP tests such as inoculum characteristics, substrate preparation, test setup, and data analysis are presented to increase the probability of obtaining validated and reproducible results