Morphology of deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from cores of vaccinia virus

It has been shown recently that the outer layers of vaccinia virions can be removed selectively under mild conditions to yield a preparation that consists entirely of "cores" (K. B. Easterbrook, Ultrastruct. Res. 14:484, 1966). Since these cores can be very easily ruptured and dissolved, they would seem to offer advantages over complete virions as starting material for the extraction of unbroken genomes. This note describes results obtained in an investigation into the morphology of DNA isolated from vaccinia viral cores by further detergent treatment

Ways of Criticizing the Court

Critics have attacked Supreme Court decisions not only for their substance, but also for their structure and inconsistency. Professor Easterbrook responds to these critics by arguing, first, that the increasing caseload of the judiciary, coupled with the techniques of Supreme Court case selection, makes more fractured decisions inevitable. Second, Professor Easterbrook applies Arrow\u27s Theorem to show that it is impossible for critics to demand consistent decisions from the Supreme Court without requiring it to sacrifice its essential institutional nature

A PERSPECTIVE ON THE FINANCIAL SITUATION IN AGRICULTURE

My purpose in this presentation is to give an overview or perspective on the financial situation in U.S. agriculture. Since descriptions of the situation are generally available (Easterbrook, J. Lee, Melichar-1985, ERS-USDA, van Blokland), I'll only briefly review the problem and its roots. The major emphasis of my presentation is devoted to two areas: difficulties in addressing current financial problems of the sector, and issues which deserve consideration for the future.Agricultural Finance,

Easterbrook\u27s hypothesis and eyewitness cue utilization

Although well-supported and historically-important, the Yerkes-Dodson research cannot incorporate current findings on the relationship of arousal and selective attention. Easterbrook\u27s hypothesis suggests that arousal produces a narrowing of attention which selects among available stimuli. Whether information is processed depends on the level of arousal and the nature of the task. As arousal increases, Easterbrook predicts more attention directed to central tasks, while superfluous stimuli are progressively removed. The present investigation studied the predictions of Easterbrook\u27 s hypothesis on.incidental memory in a simulated eyewitness case. College students were aroused to either resting, 50, 65, or 85 percent maximum heartrate by their activity on an ergometer. After a nine-minute exercise period, 24 slides depicting a wallet-snatching incident were shown, followed by a projected multiple-choice questionnaire sensitive to central or peripheral detail. Following a series of nonsignificant tests for homogeneity of variance, a Two-Factor, Repeated-Measures ANOVA was performed on the data. No significant interaction between the level of arousal and errors was noted. The main effect of groups was also nonsignificant. The effect of question type was significant, but may be due more to uncontrolled differences between questions than action of the independent variable. In summary, these results suggest that Easterbrook\u27s hypothesis may not be as robust a phenomenon as originally supposed. Future research should focus on more precise control of secondary variables through the use of individualized testing procedures

African studies libraries: background to U.S. organization and initiatives and prospects for international cooperative projects : paper delivered at the German – North American resources project conference, 5 – 7 October 2006 ; [Vortrag am 6th Frankfurt scientific symposium, GNARP und wie sie die Welt sieht: Aussichten transatlantischer Partnerschaft im digitalen Zeitalter: 5.10.2006 - 7.10.2006]

The paper will provide a brief background to the history of the organization and cooperative efforts of African studies librarians in the United States including their efforts at international cooperation. Particular emphasis will be placed on the current opportunities for improved cooperation as digitization activities increase. Examples will include the DISA and Aluka initiatives and well as the Timbuktu manuscript digitization project at the Center for Research Libraries. Particular emphasis will placed on the possibilities for German-North American cooperation in the area of digital projects of historical photographs given the extensive collections held at Northwestern and Frankfurt

A Reply: Imperfect Bargains, Imperfect Trials, and Innocent Defendants

To understand what is and is not wrong with plea bargaining, one must understand the relationship of bargains to trials. Unsurprisingly, we disagree with much of what Judge Frank Easterbrook and Professor Stephen Schulhofer say about that relationship. Most of those disagreements need not be rehearsed here; readers attentive enough to wade through their essays and ours will pick up the key points readily enough. But there is one point where the dispute is at once sharp and hidden. It has to do with the fact that both trials and bargains are flawed. That fact might seem obvious, but the literature on this subject persistently manages to ignore it. And while there are many good insights in Easterbrook\u27s and Schulhofer\u27s comments, we think they both fall prey to the tendency to imagine perfection in one part of the system or the other. That tendency inevitably leads to one of two conclusions – plea bargaining is just fine the way it is, or it ought to be junked. These are, of course, the conclusions that Easterbrook and Schulhofer reach; indeed, they are the conclusions that nearly all scholarship on plea bargaining reaches. Notwithstanding their popularity, we think both polar positions are wrong

Everything You Know About the Bush Environmental Record is Wrong

Conventional wisdom says that George W. Bush has 'declared war on the environment.' Yet actual instances of Bush anti-environmental policies are few, while the new president has received no credit for significant actions to reduce air pollution. What's the political and media dynamic that makes everyone feel so sure that Bush is anti-environment?