A Comparative Study of the Chemical Composition of the Extracts from Leaves, Stem Bark, and Root Bark of Cassia sieberiana: Antibacterial Activities

In Togo, the abusive use of the root of Cassia sieberiana D.C. in traditional medicine, contributes gradually to the rarefaction of the species. The general objective of this study is to promote the use of vital organs of Cassia sieberiana in traditional medicine in Togo. The identification of secondary metabolites of the extracts (cyclohexane, dichloromethane and methanol) was carried out by GC-MS and by CL-MS / MS. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed according to the well diffusion method and the MICs and MBCs according to the tube dilution method. Compounds such as sitosterol α-acetate, β-sitosterol, emodin, chaetochromine, luteolin, (±) -catechin, naringenin 5-O-rhamnoside, guibourtinidol- (4 alpha-> 6) -catechin and (-) - epiafzelechin are found in the root and in the stem bark. The identified molecules give the different methanolic extracts, an antibacterial effect on all the germs tested. At the end of this study, it appears that the chemical composition of the stem bark is almost similar to that of the root bark. The leaves would be better placed for the treatment of bacteria tested

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF FLACOURTIA INDICA LEAVES EXTRACTS FROM THE TOGOLESE FLORA

Objective: Faced with the devastating effect of diabetes, the search for new natural antidiabetic molecules is an exploratory avenue. Methods: In this study, the leaves of Flacourtia indica were collected from the Togolese flora, and their antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays, following a phytochemical screening conducted through colorimetric and precipitation reactions. The content of total phenols was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent and flavonoids by aluminum trichloride. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated using the method of dilution in agar wells with Muller-Hinton® agar. Additionally, the extracts' antidiabetic effect was evaluated in rats made diabetic by alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg. b.w. Results: The results of our work showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, and saponins in the extracts. The best polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured in the hydroethanolic extract and were 186.46±0.308 mg EqAG/g and 464.14±17.043 mgEqQ/g. ES respectively. The hydroethanolic extract has a higher antioxidant power with an IC50 = 110.22 µg/ml. The reducing powers of the ferric ions were 3706±12.124 and 3777±9.238 µmol/ml, respectively for the hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts. The extracts were active against Staphylococcus aureus and are bacteriostatic. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Flacourtia indica significantly reduced (p = 0.0014) blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Conclusion: This plant can therefore be a potential medicine in the treatment of diabetes

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-SICKLING ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM THE STEM AND ROOTS BARKS OF STRYCHNOS INNOCUA (DEL.)

Objective: In Togo Strychnos innocua represents a plant traditionally used to cure sickle cell disease. This study aims to carry out a phytochemical study and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-sickling activity of Strychnos innocua root and stem barks to support its use. Methods: Hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts of each plant organ were obtained by maceration. Polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and the flavonoid content using Aluminium trichloride (AlCl3) method. The anti-sickling activity of hydroethanolic extracts of root and stem barks was tested on SS blood samples from sickle cell patients using the Emmel test. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH and FRAP methods on both the hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts. Results: Results indicate that the highest levels of polyphenols were measured in the hydroethanolic extract of the root barks (59.32 ± 1.77 mg GAE/g) and the ethanol extract of the stem barks (98.27 ± 2.44 mg QE/g). The hydroethanolic extract of the root barks and the ethanolic extract of the stem barks showed high levels of flavonoids. Extracts from both organs significantly reduced falciformation (p < 0.001) at a rate of 22% (root) and 35% (stem) compared with the control (94%). In addition, root and stem extracts showed slight antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Results justify the traditional use of Strychnos innocua roots in treating sickle cell anaemia