DENİZLİ BELEDİYESİ KENT BİLGİ SİSTEMİ TASARIMI VE FAYDA/MALİYET ANALİZİ

It is very important that the rapidly access to the current map-based spatial information in addition to the present written documents in terms of the technical services carried out by local governments in urban areas. Therefore, the Urban Information Systems (UIS) technology is a very efficient decision making tool for urban governments. UIS is a spatial based information system that includes various graphic and attributes data for urban area. This kind of information is required for local governments. In this Study, a UIS design for Denizli Municipal has been carried out. In the design; project planning, selection of software and hardware, database design, data collection, data storage and testing of the system and its application have been done. As a result, Benefit-Cost analysis has been concretely argued.Kentsel alanlarda yerel yönetimler tarafından yürütülen teknik hizmetler açısından, mevcut yazılı belgelere ilave olarak güncel harita tabanlı konumsal bilgilere de hızlı bir şekilde erişim büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu anlamda Kent Bilgi Sistemleri (KBS) teknolojisi kentsel yönetimler için etkin bir karar-destek aracıdır. KBS, yerel yönetimlerin ihtiyaç duyduğu, kent kapsamındaki her türlü grafik ve öznitelik bilgiyi organize eden ve yöneten konumsal tabanlı bir bilgi sistemidir. Yapılan çalışmada Denizli Belediyesi için KBS tasarımı yapılmış, tasarımda; proje planlaması, yazılım ve donanım seçimi, veri tabanı tasarımı, veri toplama, veri depolama, sistemin test edilmesi gibi aşamalardan geçilerek fayda, harcama kalemleri ile fayda-maliyet analizi sonuçları somut olarak çıkarılmıştır

Phylogenetic relationships of Turkish indigenous donkey populations determined by mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

In this study, to analyze the mtDNA D-loop region and the origin of the maternal lineages of 16 different donkey populations, and to assess the domestication of Turkish indigenous donkeys in seven geographical regions, we investigated the DNA sequences of the D-loop region of 315 indigenous donkeys from Turkey. A total of 54 haplotypes, resulting from 35 polymorphic regions (27 parsimoniously informative and 6 singleton sites), were defined. Twenty-eight of these haplotypes are unique (51.85%), and 26 are shared among different Turkish indigenous donkey populations. The most frequent haplotype was Hap 1 (45.71%), followed by two haplotypes (Hap 4, 15.55% and Hap 7, 5.39%). The breed genetic diversity, evaluated by the haplotype diversity (HD ) and nucleotide diversity (?D ), for the Turkish donkey populations ranged from 0.533 ± 0.180 (Tekirdağ–Malkara, MAL) to 0.933 ± 0.122 (Aydin, AYD), and from 0.01196 ± 0.0026 (Antalya, ANT) to 0.02101 ± 0.0041 (Aydin, AYD), respectively. We observed moderate-to-high levels of haplotype diversity and moderate nucleotide diversity, indicating plentiful genetic diversity in all of the Turkish indigenous donkey populations. Phylogenetic analysis (NJT) and median-joining network analysis established that all haplotypes were distinctly grouped into two major haplogroups. The results of AMOVA analyses, based on geographic structuring of Turkish native donkey populations, highlighted that the majority of the observed variance is due to differences among samples within populations. The observed differences between groups were found to be statistically significant. Comparison among Turkish indigenous donkey mtDNA D-loop regions and haplotypes, and different countries’ donkey breeds and wild asses, identified two clades and which is named Somali (Clade IV) and Nubian (Clade V) lineages. The results can be used to understand the origin of Turkish donkey populations clearly, and to resolve the phylogenetic relationship among all of the different regions. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, TÜBITAK: 215O555This research was funded by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey), grant number 215O555, project leader Fulya ?zdil. The authors would like to kindly thank to Selen Yatkin who provide help during the sample collection. We are also grateful to all farmers and pastoralists for allowing us to use their animal to collect blood samples for free. Many thanks to our lab team ?eref M?cahit Topalo?lu and Ayla Fidan for helping laboratory experiment. The authors want to thank four anonymous reviewers for comments on this work

Genetic characterization of native donkey (Equus asinus) populations of Turkey using microsatellite markers

This study presents the first insights to the genetic diversity and structure of the Turkish donkey populations. The primary objectives were to detect the main structural features of Turkish donkeys by microsatellite markers. A panel of 17 microsatellite markers was applied for genotyping 314 donkeys from 16 locations of Turkey. One hundred and forty‐two alleles were identified and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 12. The highest number of alleles was observed in AHT05 (12) and the lowest in ASB02 and HTG06 (4), while ASB17 was monomorphic. The mean HO in the Turkish donkey was estimated to be 0.677, while mean HE was 0.675. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated for each locus and ranged from 0.36 (locus ASB02) to 0.98 (locus AHT05), which has the highest number of alleles per locus in the present study. The average PIC in our populations was 0.696. The average coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) over the 17 loci was 0.020 ± 0.037 (p < 0.01). The GST values for single loci ranged from −0.004 for LEX54 to 0.162 for COR082. Nei’s gene diversity index (Ht) for loci ranged from 0.445 (ASB02) to 0.890 (AHT05), with an average of 0.696. A Bayesian clustering method, the Structure software, was used for clustering algorithms of multi‐locus genotypes to identify the population structure and the pattern of admixture within the populations. When the number of ancestral populations varied from K = 1 to 20, the largest change in the log of the likelihood function (ΔK) was when K = 2. The results for K = 2 indicate a clear separation between Clade I (KIR, CAT, KAR, MAR, SAN) and Clade II (MAL, MER, TOK, KAS, KUT, KON, ISP, ANT, MUG, AYD and KAH) populations. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Magnetic resonance elastography: basic principles, technique, and clinical applications in the liver

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a constantly advancing technique for assessment of stiffness of tissues with newer technology and sequences. It is being increasingly used for the assessment of liver fibrosis. In this article, we discuss the advantages of MRE over biopsy and noninvasive methods such as US elastography in the assessment of liver fibrosis. Image acquisition and interpretation of liver MRE is also discussed

Determination of the morphometric characteristics of donkey (Equus asinus) populations reared in Turkey

This research aims to determine the morphometric characteristics of the donkey (Equus asinus) populations reared in Turkey. For this purpose, live weights and body measurements were collected from 500 donkeys. The donkeys were grouped according to the factors of color, age, sex, and province and the live weights (LW) (kg), withers heights (WH), rump heights (RH), body lengths (BL), chest circumferences (CC), chest depths (CD), front shank circumferences (FSC), head lengths (HL) and ear lengths (EL) (cm) of the donkeys were measured. In the study, the males were found to have higher values of live weight, withers height, rump height, and chest depth than the females (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the live weights of the donkeys were seen by province, age, color, and sex (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Significant differences were found among the age groups as well (p < 0.01). Accordingly, the least squares means of the animals aged 1???3 years, 4???5 years, 6???8 years, and 9 years and over for live weight were measured as 112.10 ?? 3.11 kg, 141.54 ?? 2.76 kg, 153.98 ?? 2.42 kg, and 152.95 ?? 2.34 kg, respectively. The least squares mean of live weights were also determined as significant between the female and male animals (138.08 ?? 1.96 kg) and (142.21 ?? 2.25 kg), respectively (p 0.05). The highest correlation coefficient was calculated between live weight and body length among the donkeys (r = 0.83). Furthermore, the classical method (CM) and the fixed object photo (FOP) method were compared for photographed animals in the study. No difference in WH, RH, CD or HL was seen between the two methods (p 0.05). In conclusion, the morphometric characteristics of the donkeys were determined and it was shown that the populations were not distinguished clearly from each other and that this was fundamentally due to the transitions among the donkey populations for long years

Encephalitozoon intestinalis: A Rare Cause of Diarrhea in an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Recipient Complicated by Albendazole-Related Hepatotoxicity

Abstract: A 50-year-old male patient previously diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic (M4) leukemia in July 2009 underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). During the pre-transplant period complete blood count (CBC), liver and renal function tests, coagulation tests, and other parameters were normal. On the first day of transplantation teicoplanin (400 mg d -1 for the first 3 d, and then 400 mg d -1 ) and caspofungin (first dose was 1×70 mg d -1 , followed by 1×50 mg d -1 ) were started intravenously due to white plaques and oropharyngeal candidiasis in the patient&apos;s mouth and perianal erythema. On the 14 th d of transplantation watery diarrhea occurred, along with abdominal discomfort, nausea, and fatigue

Polypodal ligands for controlling the reactivity of iron complexes

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese und Charakterisierung neuer tetrapodal-fünfzähniger und tripodal-vierzähniger Liganden und ihrer Metallkomplexe. Ausgehend von 2-Ethylpyridin werden in einem Schritt F-, Cl-, Br-, I- sowie Me-substituierte Tris(pyridyl)-Systeme (6−10) sowie der Pentapyridylligand Py5 (1) dargestellt. Eisenkatalysierte Kreuzkupplung des chlorsubstituierten 8 führt zum ethylsubstituierten 13 welches mit Formaldehyd zum fünfzähnigen Liganden {6-[1,1-Di(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]pyridin-2-yl}2-methyl-1,3-propandiol (14) reagiert. Nach einer Reaktionssequenz aus Mesylierung (16), Mesylat-Azid-Austausch (17) und Reduktion wird {6 [1,1-Di(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]pyridin-2-yl}2-methyl-1,3-propandiamin Py3N2 (3) erhalten. 3 wurde mit Eisen(II)triflat umgesetzt zum Komplex [Fe(3)(MeCN)](OTf)2 (19) und mit Eisen(II)-bromid zu [Fe(3)Br]Br (20). Setzt man 3 mit zwei Äquivalenten FeBr2 in Anwesenheit von CO um, wird der Carbonylkomplex 21 erhalten, bei Verwendung von einem Äquivalent Fe(OTf)2 wird der Carbonylkomplex 22 erhalten. Umsetzung von 3 mit Fe(OTf)2 und Natriumazid führt zum Eisen(II)-Azidokomplex 23. Cyclovoltammetrisch wurden die Komplexe 19, 20 und 23 untersucht. Der Eisen(III)-Azidokomplex [Fe(3)N3]Cl2 (25) wurde massenspektrometrisch untersucht. Durch Stoßaktivierung wird in der Gasphase eine langlebige Eisen(V)-Nitridospezies erzeugt, die zur C−H-, N−H-, C−C- und C−N-Bindungsaktivierung in der Lage ist. Die Möglichkeit, die entwickelte Ligandsynthese zum Dialkohol 14 auf andere, unsymmetrische Kombinationen von Pyridin- und Amindonoren bei gegebener, quadratisch pyramidaler Koordinationsgeometrie zu übertragen, wurde einleitend untersucht. Durch vierfache Mannich-Reaktion an 2,6-Dimethylpyridin wurde ein permethyliertes Analogon 5 des Liganden PyN4 dargestellt. Aus sterischen Gründen sind keine einkernigen Komplexe der Art, wie sie vom Liganden PyN4 mit 4 primären Amindonoren bekannt sind, zugänglich.This work describes synthesis and characterization of novel tetrapodal-pentadentate and tripodal-tetradentate ligands and their metal complexes. Starting from 2-ethylpyridine, F-, Cl-, Br-, I- and Me-substituted systems having tris(pyridyl)methane topology, (6–10) as well as the pentapyridylligand Py5 (1), were synthesized in one step. Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of chlorine-substituted 8 gives ethyl-substituted 13, which reacts with formaldehyde to give the pentadentate ligand {6-[1,1-di(pyridine-2-yl)ethyl]pyridine-2-yl}2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (14). After a reaction sequence of mesylation (16), mesylate-azide exchange (17) and reduction, the diamine ligand {6 [1,1-di(pyridine-2-yl)ethyl]pyridine-2-yl}2-methyl-1,3-propanediamine Py3N2 (3) is obtained. 3 reacts with iron(II) triflate to give the complex [Fe(3)(MeCN)](OTf)2 (19), and with FeBr2 to give the complex [Fe(3)Br]Br (20). 3 reacts with two equivalents of FeBr2 in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, to yield the carbonyl complex 21, and with one equivalent of iron(II)triflate, to produce carbonyl complex 22. The reaction of 3 with iron(II) triflate and NaN3 gives the azido complex 23. The complexes 19, 20 and 23 were examined by cyclic voltammetry. The iron(III) azido complex 23 [Fe(3)N3]Cl2 was examined by massspectrometric methods. By collision-induced decay in the gas phase, a long-lived iron(V)nitrido complex is obtained which is able to activate C–H, N–H, C–C and C–Nbonds. Concepts to use the ligand-synthesis described herein to synthesize other, unsymmetrical ligands having different combinations of amine and pyridine donors but the same overall geometry, were evaluated. A fourfold Mannich reaction of 2,6-dimethylpyridine leads to a material (5) which can be construed as a permethylated analogue of the known ligand pyN4. The sterical demand of the dimethylamino groups prevents the formation of mononuclear complexes of the type found for the ligand pyN4

Marshall's approach to decisions and behaviors of economic units in his value theory

Marshall'ın "Principles of Economics" adlı eserinde, "değer" sorunsalına, birimlerin karar ve davranışlarından çok, genel bir ekonomik yaklaşımın hâkim olduğu görülmektedir. Marshall'ın değer teorisinin arka planında belli bir denge arayışı bulunmakla birlikte, Walrasgil genel denge gibi, bütün piyasalarda dengeyi sağlayacak bir fiyat düzeyi arayışı bulunmamaktadır. Özellikle Marshall' ın temsili firma yaklaşımında firmanın rastgele değil ekonominin genelini temsil edecek şekilde seçilmesi Marshall' ın mikro temellerden yola çıkarak ekonominin geneliyle ilgilendiğini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, "Marshall'ın değer teorisinin, tek tek tüketici bireyler, üretici firmalar ve faktör sahibi bireylerin iktisadi karar ve davranışlarını açıklamaya çalışan bir yaklaşım olmadığını göstermektir" şeklinde özetlenebilecek bir bakış açısının, Marshall'ın değer teorisine hâkim olduğunu göstermektir.In Marshall' s book the Principles of Economics Value &quot;problematic was discussed as in general economic approach instead of the decisions and behaviors of the units. There is not a quest to find a general price level which provides an equilibrium in all markets like Walrasian general equilibrium in Marshall's theory's background. Especially Marshall's representative firm approach that selection of the firm to represent all the economy rather than random shows that he is interested in the economy as a whole from the micro bases. In this study, we aimed to show that Marshallian value theory can be summarized as &quot;Marshall's value theory is not an approach which propose economic decisions and behaviors of consumers, firms and factor owner units one by one&quot;

Institutions of free market economy, economic globalization and human development : An empirical investigation for OECD countries

Bu çalışmada, kapitalist sistemin kurumları ile insani gelişme arasındaki ilişki OECD ülkeleri için araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, mülkiyet haklarının korunması, sözleşmelerin uygulanması, hukukun üstünlüğü ve ekonomide kamu kesimi büyüklüğü göstergeleri kullanılarak ülkelerin kapitalist sisteme uyum derecesini ifade eden özet bir serbest piyasa endeksi oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca serbest piyasa ekonomisinin, ticari ve finansal serbestleşme boyutlarını ifade etmek üzere ekonomik küreselleşme endeksi kullanılmıştır. Eş bütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre, değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki mevcuttur. Uzun dönem katsayı tahmin sonucuna göre ise ülkelerin kapitalist sisteme uyum derecesinin artmasının ve ekonomik küreselleşmenin, kalkınmayı uzun dönemde pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir.In this study, the relationship between the institutions of capitalist system and human development is investigated for OECD countries. An index indicating the free market institutions has been established which includes protection of property, legal enforcement of contracts, rule of law and government size. We also used economic globalization data to indicate liberalization of trade and finance dimensions of free market. According to cointegration results, there is a long run cointegration relationship between the variables. According to long run coefficients, the adaptation level of countries to the capitalist system and economic globalization effects development positively