463 research outputs found
The financing need for expanding paid maternity leave to support breastfeeding in the informal sector in the Philippines
In low- and middle-income countries, almost three-fourths of women in the labour force lack maternity protection. In the Philippines, current laws do not guarantee paid maternity leave to workers in the informal economy. A non-contributory maternity cash transfer to informal sector workers could be used to promote social equity and economic productivity and could provide health benefits by helping mothers meet their breastfeeding goals. The objective of the study is to provide a realistic cost estimate and to assess the financial feasibility of implementing a publicly financed, non-contributory maternity cash transfer programme to the informal sector in the Philippines. Using a costing framework developed in Mexico, the study estimated the annual cost of a maternity cash transfer programme. The methodology estimated the unit cost of the programme, the incremental coverage of maternity leave and expected number of enrollees. Different unit and incremental costs assumptions were used to provide a range of scenarios. Administrative costs for running the programme were included in the analysis. The annual financing need of implementing maternity cash transfer programme in the Philippines ranges from a minimum scenario of USD42 million (14-week maternity cash transfer) to a more ideal scenario of USD309 million (26-week maternity cash transfer). The latter is financially feasible as it is equivalent to less than 0.1% of the country\u27s gross domestic product substantially lower than the share cost of not breastfeeding (0.7%). The annual cost of the programme is only 10% of the total cost of the largest conditional cash transfer programme
The yearly financing need of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia
Background: The economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US175million (US669million (US$583/woman). The share of the yearly financing need did not exceed 0.5% of Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Conclusions: The yearly financing need of providing MCT for eligible WRA working in the informal sector is economically attractive as it amounts to less than 0.5% of GDP nominal of Indonesia. While such a program would be perceived as a marked increase from current public health spending at the onset, such an investment could substantially contribute to the success of breastfeeding and substantial corresponding public health savings given that more than half of working Indonesian WRA are employed in the informal sector. Such policies should be further explored while taking into consideration realistic budget constraints and implementation capacity
Novel study design to assess the utility of the copd assessment test in a primary care setting
The quality of a consultation provided by a physician can have a profound impact on the quality of care and
patient engagement in treatment decisions. When the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) was developed, one of its aims
was to aid the communication between physician and patient about the impact of COPD. We developed a novel
study design to assess this in a primary care consultation.
Primary care physicians across five countries in Europe conducted videoed consultations with six standardised
COPD patients (played by trained actors) which had patient-specific issues that the physician needed to identify
through questioning. Half the physicians saw the patients with the completed CAT, and half without. Independent
assessors scored the physicians on their ability to identify and address the patient-specific issues, review standard COPD aspects, their understanding of the case and their overall performance. This novel study design presented
many challenges which needed to be addressed to achieve an acceptable level of robustness to assess the utility of
the CAT. This paper discusses these challenges and the measures adopted to eliminate or minimise their impact on
the study results
Unfolding of the Amyloid β-Peptide Central Helix: Mechanistic Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is associated with formation of amyloid fibrils caused by polymerization of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which is a process that requires unfolding of the native helical structure of Aβ. According to recent experimental studies, stabilization of the Aβ central helix is effective in preventing Aβ polymerization into toxic assemblies. To uncover the fundamental mechanism of unfolding of the Aβ central helix, we performed molecular dynamics simulations for wild-type (WT), V18A/F19A/F20A mutant (MA), and V18L/F19L/F20L mutant (ML) models of the Aβ central helix. It was quantitatively demonstrated that the stability of the α-helical conformation of both MA and ML is higher than that of WT, indicating that the α-helical propensity of the three nonpolar residues (18, 19, and 20) is the main factor for the stability of the whole Aβ central helix and that their hydrophobicity plays a secondary role. WT was found to completely unfold by a three-step mechanism: 1) loss of α-helical backbone hydrogen bonds, 2) strong interactions between nonpolar sidechains, and 3) strong interactions between polar sidechains. WT did not completely unfold in cases when any of the three steps was omitted. MA and ML did not completely unfold mainly due to the lack of the first step. This suggests that disturbances in any of the three steps would be effective in inhibiting the unfolding of the Aβ central helix. Our findings would pave the way for design of new drugs to prevent or retard AD
Le pharmacien d'officine face à la toux (enquête prospective sur le conseil officinal)
La toux est un mécanisme physiologique de défense des voies respiratoires qu'il convient de respecter voire de faciliter. Ce phénomène est un motif très fréquent de consultation des patients en particulier pendant la période hivernale auprès du pharmacien d'officine. Le pharmacien de part sa proximité et sa connaissance va permettre de l'orienter vers une thérapeutique adaptée. Notre travail aborde la notion de toux, ses différentes étiologies ainsi que les traitements disponibles. Une étude réalisée dans plusieurs officines du Sud Ouest de la France est présentée afin d'illustrer cette prise en charge.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF
Prise en charge de l'asthme (quel rôle l'industrie pharmaceutique peut-elle tenir?)
TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF
La toux chronique de l'adulte (étude de l'hyperréactivité bronchique)
TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Allées (315552109) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Évolution de la prescription des antitussifs en pharmacie d'officine
TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF
Intéractions entre Pneumocystis et son biotope (rôle des phospholipides du surfactant pulmonaire)
TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF
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