停留精巣の研究 第3報: 停留精巣患者における精巣内複合糖質の組織化学的研究

3～37歳の停留精巣患者23例の停留精巣および対側陰嚢内精巣において, 光顕組織化学的方法にて複合糖質の変化を観察し, さらに正常精巣組織と比較した.停留精巣精細管壁及び間質では, 正常精巣に比べ酸性ムコ多糖(精細管壁:コンドロイチン硫酸A及びC, 間質:コンドロイチン硫酸B)が減少し, 特に精細管壁において顕著であった.なお, 患側精細管上皮においては, 思春期前から思春期以後を通じ, グリコーゲン及びガラクトース含有量の減少が認められたThe complex carbohydrates in the undescended and contralateral scrotal testes of patients with cryptorchidism, were examined by light microscopic histochemical methods, in comparison with those of normal testes. In the undescended testes, histochemical reactions for acidic and neutral complex carbohydrates were apparently weaker than in the normal testes, especially pronounced in the seminiferous tubular walls. In the germinal and supporting cells of the undescended testes, the amount of galactose residues in the complex carbohydrates decreased from the prepubertal to post-pubertal periods. Periodic acid-Schiff reaction also revealed a decrease in the glycogen content in the germinal and supporting cells of the undescended testes from pre-pubertal to post-pubertal periods

Current status on the development of homogenous molecular electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) relevant for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an essential component in aerobic biological energy transduction, where the oxidation prowess of O2 is employed to harvest the energy stored in reduced carbon sources. This experimental blueprint is mimicked in renewable energy technology, such as fuel cell. However, the harsh chemical conditions encountered in fuel cells have restricted the direct use of fragile biological ORR catalysts: the copper-based oxidase enzymes. Thus, a number of homogeneous synthetic ORR catalysts were developed in the past few years that can be used directly as an alternative cathodic substance in fuel cell. In this review, we have depicted the rationale behind the evolution of various ORR catalysts along with their developmental history.by Afsar Ali, Divyansh Prakash and Arnab Dutt