Governance of shallow geothermal energy resources

Successful electrification of cities' heating and cooling demands depends on the sustainable implementation of highly efficient ground source heat pumps (GSHP). During the last decade, the use of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) resources in urban areas has experienced an unprecedented boost which nowadays is still showing a steady 9% market growth trend. However, the intensive market incorporation experienced by this technology entails different responsibilities towards the long-term technical and environmental sustainability in order to maintain this positive trend. Here we present a SGE management framework structure and a governance model agreed among 13 European Geological Surveys, providing a roadmap for the different levels of management development, adaptable to any urban scale, and independent of the hydrogeological conditions and the grade of development of SGE technology implementation. The management approach reported is based on the adaptive management concept, thus offering a working flow for the non-linear relationship between planning, implementation and control that establishes a cyclical and iterative management process. The generalized structure of the SGE management framework provided allows the effective analysis of policy to identify and plan for management problems and to select the best management objectives, strategies and measures according to the policy principles proposed here

Trends, structures and patterns of inequality and growth in Swedish regions: An analysis of the spatio-temporal patterns in the development of inequality and income in Sweden 1990–2016

This thesis analyses the spatio-temporal patterns of inequality and income growth in Sweden during the time-period 1990–2016. It aims at answering the question of whether there has been increasing inequalities, if so where and why. The study is motivated by the ongoing debate on regional development in research, public policy and media which frequently raise questions on the ongoing patterns of income inequality and what would be the best cause of action. It bases the analysis on a multitude of recent economic geographic literature on uneven development, strongly positioned to answer the why and how behind income inequalities. In order to conduct this analysis, a set of inequality indices are computed based on Statistics Sweden’s LISA-database. Furthermore, this thesis uses a variety of different scales in the analysis, ranging from detailed grids to generalised scales of NUTS-2. Findings suggest that Sweden experiences an overall increase of income inequalities. Moreover, the pattern of income inequalities are found to coincide with agglomeration economies and the structural growth cycles of the economy that increase wages for a set of professions. This is found to follow a centre-periphery pattern around the large urban areas which contain qualities that cluster knowledge-intensive firms and professions, creating both path- and place-dependency in income growth and income inequalities. This pattern is increasingly apparent in the spatial division of income and income growth within Stockholm which sees certain neighbourhoods performing well over the national average. It is found to create a ‘patchwork metropolis’ of winners and losers in terms of income which asks questions to the spill-over effects on welfare from agglomeration of wealth

Att hantera en stigande havsnivå i ett kulturpräglat landskap – Lokala och regionala perspektiv på Falsterbonäsets nutid och framtid

Research concerning the challenge of rising sea levels often leave out the importance of landscape and its history. When discussing present and future adaptations to local climate changes, e.g. sea level rise, an understanding of the process that shaped the area that exist today is an important aspect. Here Falsterbonäset is chosen as a case study focussing on three actors the regional planning office at the County Administrative Board of Skåne (CAB), the Vellinge municipality and a local nature protection organization (Falsterbonäsets Naturvårdsförening). The analysis is based on planning documents from the first two actors, historical documentations of the area and interviews with all actors. The results is that previous changes in the landscape limit the ability to choose paths of adaptations in accordance with previous research. The municipality is interested in protecting and expanding the economic value of Falsterbonäset while Falsterbonäsets Naturvårdsförening and the CAB are in opposition to such plans. The latter two are, however, in many ways positive to the protective measures proposed. Falsterbonäsets Naturvårdsförening is strongly advocating the cultural and environmental landscape of Falsterbonäset and strongly oppose the ongoing trend of increasing exploitation of the area. The CAB follows their policy of no new developments below three meters above sea level. The discussion is filled with discontent and recent discussions have not showed any signs of improving the situation

Geophysical well log-motifs, lithology, stratigraphical aspects and correlation of the Ordovician succession in the Swedish part of the Baltic Basin

The geophysical characteristics of the carbonate-dominated Ordovician succession is described using wire-line logging data from exploration wells located within the Swedish part of the Baltic Basin, both offshore and from the island of Gotland. The petrophysical properties and log-motifs are compared and correlated with the lithology of cores from the Hamra-10, Skåls-1 and Grötlingbo-1 wells on southern Gotland. The 80–125-m-thick Ordovician succession is divided into five log stratigraphic units O a –O e , which are correlated throughout the study area. The proposed log stratigraphy and wire-line log characteristics are evaluated and compared with the established Ordovician stratigraphy from the adjacent areas of Öland, Östergötland and South Estonia. The newly established log stratigraphy is also linked to the existing seismic stratigraphic framework for the study area and exemplified with a selection of interpreted seismic type sections from Gotland and the south Baltic Sea. The presented characterization, division and correlation provide a basis for understanding the lateral and vertical variation of the petrophysical properties, which are essential in assessing the sealing capacity of the Ordovician succession, in conjunction with storage of CO 2 in the underlying Cambrian sandstone reservoir