87 research outputs found
A Critical Look at Innovation Profile and Its Relationship with Pharmaceutical Industry
Background: The pharmaceutical sector undertakes extensive research and development (R&D). Pharmaceutical industries have continued to launch an appreciable number of new medicines, different pharmaceutical formulations, new indications and other innovations that contribute to the growth of this sector. New novel medicines are increasingly essential for continued success given the number of standard medicines now available as low cost generics or biosimilars. Consequently, innovation is a fundamental element in pharmaceutical company competition. Not all innovations though are the same size, type or category with differentiation of innovation essential for commercial success. However, given the wide range of definitions used in the literature, the framing may diffuse. Currently, there are several types and categories of innovation are deficiently harmonized and poorly stratified resulting in analysis trends and provide major obstacles to innovation’s differentiation and in assessing the company's innovative dominant characteristic in the sector. The objective of this study is to stratify and organize, didactically, the field of definitions and concepts of innovation and provide a structural and operational delineation, from a critical point of view, for the classifications of innovation applied to the pharmaceutical industr
Production of fructooligosaccharides and b-fructofuranosidase by batch and repeated batch fermentation with immobilized cells of Penicillium expansum
The production of fructooligosaccharides
(FOS) and b-fructofuranosidase (FFase) by immobilized
cells of Penicillium expansum was evaluated. In an initial
stage, different low-cost materials including synthetic fiber,
polyurethane foam, stainless steel sponge, loofah sponge,
and cork oak were tested as carrier for the fungus immobilization.
Additionally, the influence of the inoculum age
(1 or 3 weeks) on cells immobilization, FOS and FFase
production was also verified. Synthetic fiber and polyurethane
foam were the best materials for P. expansum
immobilization (2.21 and 1.98 g/g carrier, respectively)
and FOS production (120.3 and 104.8 g/l), and gave also
high results of FFase activity (23.01 and 32.42 U/ml).
Then, the production of FOS and FFase by repeated batch
fermentation with P. expansum immobilized on synthetic
fiber was studied, aiming to improve the batch fermentation
results. The results obtained in this stage were very
promising with FOS yields of 87, 72, and 44 %, in the 3
initial cycles (60 h), respectively; the FFase activity was
constant throughout the process (6 cycles, 96 h). Repeated
batch fermentation with immobilized cells of P. expansum
was found as being a technology with great potential for
FOS and FFase production on industrial scaleThe financial support from FCT, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (research grant SFRH/BPD/38212/2007) is gratefully acknowledged
Progressos nas pesquisas de leishmaniose visceral na área endémica de Jacobina, Bahia 1934-1989
An Experimental Approach to the Pathogenesis of "Pipestem" Fibrosis (Symmers' Fibrosis of the Liver)
Parasitological characteristics of Schistosoma mansoni infection in swiss mice with underlying malnutrition
Clinical and serological evolution in chronic Chagas disease patients in a 4-year pharmacotherapy follow-up: a preliminary study
Clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile and CSF criteria for the diagnosis of spinal cord schistosomiasis
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