Synthetic peptides that inhibit binding of the collagen type II 261-273 epitope to rheumatoid arthritis-associated HLA-DR1 and -DR4 molecules and collagen-specific T-cell responses.

Copolymer 1 [Cop 1, poly (Y, E, A, K)] is a random synthetic amino acid copolymer effective in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease that is linked to HLA-DR2 (DRB1*1501). Another copolymer [poly (Y, A, K)] was also identified that binds to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated HLA-DR1 (DRB1*0101) or HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401) molecules and inhibits the response of HLA-DR1- and -DR4-restricted T cell clones to an immunodominant epitope of collagen type II (CII) 261-273 (a candidate autoantigen in RA). In the present study various peptides have been synthesized based on binding "motifs" of Cop 1 for HLA-DR1 and -DR4 molecules. Those peptides with K at P-1 or K at P8 were particularly effective as inhibitors of binding of CII 261-273, of Cop 1 and of the influenza virus hemagglutinin peptide 306-318 to these class II proteins. Moreover, several of them were also potent inhibitors of the CII 261-273-reactive T cell clones. These findings suggest that small peptides or their more stable derivatives may be able to substitute for copolymers in the treatment of RA, and by implication of MS

Impact of prenatal technologies on the sex ratio in India: an overview

Genetics of disease, diagnosis and treatmen