Improving the Quality of Islamic Religious Education Learning through Class Management in Elementary Schools

AbstractThis study aims to describe the planning for improving the quality of Islamic religious education learning through classroom management, the implementation of classroom management, and teachers’ efforts in improving the quality of Islamic religious education learning. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods based on data collection techniques, including observation, interviews, and document analysis. The stages of data analysis include data reduction techniques, data presentation, data verification, and concluding. The results of this study showed that the classroom management planning carried out by the teacher is to prepare all the basic skills needed by the teacher in teaching. Furthermore, the implementation of classroom management is carried out through the management of face-to-face activities and the organization of subject matter embodied in the lesson plans. The teachers’ efforts in maximizing classroom management include a disciplinary approach, a reward and punishment approach, a teaching approach, an attitude approach, and a group process approach. These aforementioned approaches lead to the strategy to build good interactions with students. The planning and implementation of classroom management that has been carried out by teachers is hoped to improve the quality of learning Islamic religious education in elementary schools.Keywords: improving the quality of learning, classroom management, Islamic religious education. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan peningkatan mutu pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam melalui manajemen kelas, implementasi manajemen kelas, dan upaya guru dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang berpijak pada teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi serta tahapan analisis data dengan menerapkan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perencanaan manajemen kelas yang dilakukan oleh guru adalah dengan mempersiapkan seluruh keterampilan dasar yang dibutuhkan oleh guru dalam mengajar. Selanjutnya, implementasi manajemen kelas dilaksanakan melalui pengelolaan kegiatan tatap muka dan pengorganisasian materi pelajaran yang diwujudkan dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Adapun upaya guru dalam memaksimalkan manajemen kelas diantaranya adalah melalui pendekatan kedisiplinan, pendekatan reward and punishment, pendekatan pengajaran, pendekatan sikap, dan pendekatan proses kelompok. Pendekatan-pendekatan tersebut bermuara pada bagaimana guru mampu membangun interaksi yang baik dengan siswa. Sehingga diharapkan perencanaan dan implementasi manajemen kelas yang telah dilakukan oleh guru mampu meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di sekolah dasar.Kata kunci: peningkatan mutu pembelajaran, manajemen kelas, pendidikan agama Islam

Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

Mothanna Sadiq Al-Qubaisi,1 Abdullah Rasedee,1,2 Moayad Husein Flaifel,3 Sahrim Hj Ahmad,3 Samer Hussein-Al-Ali,1 Mohd Zobir Hussein,4 Zulkarnain Zainal,4 Fatah H Alhassan,4 Yun H Taufiq-Yap,4 Eltayeb EM Eid,5 Ismail Adam Arbab,1 Bandar A Al-Asbahi,3 Thomas J Webster,6,7 Mohamed Ezzat El Zowalaty1,8,9 1Institute of Bioscience, 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 3Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 4Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; 5College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Chemical Engineering and Program in Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; 7Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 8Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; 9Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia Abstract: The long-term objective of the present study was to determine the ability of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles to kill cancer cells. NiZn ferrite nanoparticle suspensions were found to have an average hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 254.2 ± 29.8 nm, 0.524 ± 0.013, and -60 ± 14 mV, respectively. We showed that NiZn ferrite nanoparticles had selective toxicity towards MCF-7, HepG2, and HT29 cells, with a lesser effect on normal MCF 10A cells. The quantity of Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and cytochrome C in the cell lines mentioned above was determined by colorimetric methods in order to clarify the mechanism of action of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles in the killing of cancer cells. Our results indicate that NiZn ferrite nanoparticles promote apoptosis in cancer cells via caspase-3 and caspase-9, downregulation of Bcl-2, and upregulation of Bax and p53, with cytochrome C translocation. There was a concomitant collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential in these cancer cells when treated with NiZn ferrite nanoparticles. This study shows that NiZn ferrite nanoparticles induce glutathione depletion in cancer cells, which results in increased production of reactive oxygen species and eventually, death of cancer cells. Keywords: NiZn ferrite nanoparticles, cancer cells, reactive oxygen species, cytochrome C, mitochondrial membrane potential, p5