Características de produção do capim-buffel submetido a intensidades e freqüências de corte #

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate morphogenetic and structural charac- teristics and biomass production of buffel grass as a function of cut intensities and frequencies. A previously established pasture of buffel grass cultivar Molopo was used. Total area was splited in twenty 8 m 2 experimental unities with 1 m border lines. A split plot scheme was used with plot in factorial scheme 2x2 to combination of two height of cut (60 and 80 cm) and two height post cut (20 and 40 cm). The experimental design was entirely randomized blocks, with five replicates named 20- 60, 20-80, 40-60, 40-80. There (p<0.05) of treatments for dry matter per cut production and higher values were observed to 20-80 and 40-80. Tillering, leaf/steam ratio, number of alive leafs per tiller and diameter of plant were influenced by (p<0.05) by different management of buffel grass. Leaf appearance ratio and phylocron were not different (p>0.05) between treatments. Cutting frequency and intensities influenced tillering, leaf/ stem ratio and dry matter production for both the cut as to the total.Objetivou-se avaliar características morfogê- nicas, estruturais e a produção de biomassa do capim-buffel sob intensidades e freqüências de corte. Utilizou-se um pasto já implantado de capim- buffel, cultivar Molopo. A área total utilizada foi dividida em 20 parcelas de 8 m 2 cada com linha de bordadura de 1 m entre as parcelas. Foi utilizado um esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, tendo nas parcelas um arranjo fatorial 2x2 refe- rente a combinações entre duas alturas de corte (60 e 80 cm) e duas alturas de resíduo (20 e 40 cm), em delineamento experimental de blocos comple- tos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais, que receberam as denominações 20-60, 20-80, 40-60, 40-80. Houve efeito (p<0,05) dos tratamentos para a produção de matéria seca por corte, sendo que os tratamentos 20-80 e 40-80 resultaram em maiores produções. O perfilhamento, relação lâmina/col- mo, número de folhas vivas por perfilho e diâmetro de touceira, foram influenciados (p<0,05) pelas diferentes formas de manejar o pasto de capim- buffel. A taxa de aparecimento de folhas e o filocrono não diferiram (p>0,05), entre os tratamentos. A freqüência e a intensidade de corte influenciaram o perfilhamento, relação lâmina/col- mo e a produção de matéria seca do capim-buffel tanto para o corte como para a produção total

Use of organic fertilizer in bufeel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Molopo) pasture.

The objective of this experiment was to compare with other fertilizer sources the effect of bovine digestive content on structural, morpho-genetic and production characteristics of buffel grass. The study was carried out at Estação Experimental do Instituto Nacional do Semi-árido, located in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A previously implanted pasture of buffel grass, cultivar Molopo was used. Experimental area was split in 24 (4 m2) experimental unities and a completely randomized block in a split plot scheme, split at time. Treatments were 5 and 10 ton of dry matter per ha of digestive content or bovine manure. For mineral fertilizer treatment 40:10:40 formule was used applying 200 kg of mix per ha. There was not interaction between fertilization and time cut (p>0.10). Fertilization influenced (pObjetivou-se analisar e comparar com outras fontes de adubo o efeito da digesta de bovinos sobre características estruturais, morfogênicas e de produção do capim buffel. O estudo foi conduzido na Estação Experimental do Instituto Nacional do Semi-Árido, localizado em Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. Utilizou-se um pasto de capim-buffel cultivar Molopo, já estabelecido. A área experimental foi dividida em 24 parcelas com 4 m² cada, sendo utilizado um delineamento de blocos completos ao acaso, arranjado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Os tratamentos consistiram da utilização de digesta ou esterco bovino (5 e 10 toneladas de matéria seca/ha para ambos) e adubação química 200 kg/ha da fórmula 40:10:40. Não houve interação entre a adubação e época de corte (p>0,10). Para a adubação houve efeito (

Nutritional quality of Pilosocereus gounellei using different spine removal and plant storage methods

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of Pilosocereus gounellei using different methods of spine removal and plant storage. A total of 600 P. gounellei cacti were randomly selected in 10 hectares of Caatinga. The experimental design was completely randomised using a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement and three replicates. The variables evaluated were the storage conditions (under trees; and ventilated storage facilities) and four types of spine removal techniques assessed 31 days after storage (fresh plants with spines [control]; use of flamethrowers before storage; slash-and-burn [“coivara”] before storage; and use of flamethrowers after storage). The P. gounellei subjected to slash-and-burn during the cladode harvest (cutting) process deteriorated rapidly and exhibited a smooth consistency; dark colour. The burning process resulted in increased in situ degradability of dry matter compared with the control treatment. The results of treatment 4 were similar to those of the control treatment regarding the preservation of the nutritional properties of P. gounellei. Therefore, P. gounellei can be harvested and stored fresh for 31 days without losing their nutritional properties, and spines should be removed using flamethrowers after the storage period, i.e., when using the plants as livestock feed

Agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of Gliricidia sepium grown under different residual heights in different seasons

This research was conducted to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud grown under different residual heights in different seasons. The experimental design used was a complete randomized block in a split-plot. The plots consisted of three residual heights (70, 90 and 110 cm), and the subplots were four seasons (fall, winter, spring and summer) with four replicates. There was no (P>0.05) interaction between season and residual heights for agronomic characteristics. However, these features were influenced by the cutting season, with no significant effect (P>0.05) on residual height. Significant effects (P0.05) entre la estación y la altura de residuo en las características agronómicas de G. sepium. Sin embargo, estas características fueron influenciadas por el tiempo de corte. Efectos significativos (P<0.05) se obtuvieron para la materia seca promedio, cenizas, fibra detergente ácido y extracto etéreo. G. sepium puede ser manejado dentro de la altura residual de 70 cm, con mejores características agronómicas y composición química en la estación de otoño

The forage yield of Gliricidia sepium during the rainy and dry seasons following pruning management in Brazil

Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. shows relatively little growth variation due to climatic differences throughout the year and between years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various cutting strategies for the management of Gliricidia for forage production in dry and rainy periods of the year. A randomized-block factorial experimental design (12 x 2) was used for the study. The factorial setup consisted of 12 pruning management treatments (cuttings at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days with 30, 60 and 90 cm residual heights) and two periods (dry and rainy season) with four replicates. There were significant interactions between the management regime and the season for plant height, stem diameter, stem diameter and the weight of both fresh and dry forage. The treatment with a cutting frequency of 90 days and a residual height of 90 cm resulted in the highest final average height and the largest stem diameter in the dry period, with reductions of 7.65 and 1.5%, respectively, during the period of water scarcity. The 90 days x 90 cm treatment resulted in the highest production of fresh and dry forage biomass. Application of different cutting strategies to the Gliricidia plants influenced the diameters of the stems and buds, plant height and accumulation of forage biomass during the rainy and dry seasons. The highest cutting frequency (90 days) and lower intensity cutting (90 cm) provided greater stem diameter, number of shoots and plant height, and the higher forage yield of Gliricidia.La Gliricidia sepium tiene menos variación de crecimiento debido a las diferencias climáticas durante y entre años. El estudio evaluó el efecto de estrategias de corte de Gliricidia sepium en su producción en los períodos secos y lluviosos. Se evaluaron doce tratamientos de manejo de poda (cortes a los 45, 60, 75 y 90 días, con 30, 60 y 90 cm alturas residuales) y dos períodos (temporada seca y lluviosa) con cuatro repeticiones. El diseño estadístico fue de bloques al azar en una configuración factorial (12 x 2). Hubo interacciones significativas entre el régimen de manejo y la estación del año (lluviosa o seca) en la altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, diámetro de los brotes y masa de forraje del tallo, tanto seca como verde. El tratamiento con una frecuencia de corte de 90 días y una altura residual de 90 cm dio lugar a la mayor altura promedio final y al mayor diámetro del tallo en el período seco, con reducciones de 7,65 y 1,5% en el período de la escasez de agua, respectivamente. El tratamiento de 90 días x 90 cm dio lugar a la mayor producción de forraje en masa verde y seca. Las diferentes estrategias de corte de Gliricidia influyen en el diámetro del tallo y brotes, altura de la planta y la acumulación de la masa de forraje durante la estación lluviosa y seca. La mayor frecuencia de corte (90 días) y el punto de corte menor intensidad (90 cm) proporcionan mayor diámetro del tallo, número de brotes y la altura, y el más alto rendimiento de forraje de Gliricidia

Growth analysis gliricidia under different cutting managements

The objective was to evaluate growth responses of Gliricídia sepium under different cutting managements. The statistical design was a randomized block design with split plots. The plots consisted of four cutoff frequencies (45, 60, 75 and 90 days) and three heights residue (30, 60 and 90 cm) with four replications, and the cut off frequency comprised the major portion of the residue height of the subplot. The analysis of growth was obtained through specific leaf area, leaf area index, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and growth rate of the culture, and also evaluated the dry mass of leaves per cutting, stem dry weight by cutting, leaf dry mass and total dry mass of stem full. The plants managed with 90 days cutoff frequency had higher specific leaf area and leaf area index, the same was observed for 90 cm waste of time. The highest growth rate cultural was 2.63 g/m2·dia obtained in the management of cutting frequency of 45 days and residue height of 90 cm. At the same management cut off was observed for the maximum relative growth rate which was 0.016 g g-1 dia-1 and higher net assimilation rate with 1.32 g/m2·dia, both rates were obtained in period of 3° to 4° cut (rainy season). For cutting management often 90 days and then observed a higher dry matter yield of leaf and stem by cutting and total. In the 90 cm height residue was higher dry matter yield of leaf and stem by cutting and total. The management of cut influences the growth and production of herbage mass of G. sepium, according to rainfall in the region.Objetivou-se avaliar as respostas de crescimento da Gliricídia sepium submetida a diferentes manejos de corte. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que a frequência de corte (45, 60, 75 e 90 dias) compreendeu a parcela principal e a altura de resíduo (30, 60 e 90 cm), a subparcela. A análise do crescimento foi obtida por meio da determinação da área foliar específica, índice de área foliar, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa assimilatória líquida e taxa de crescimento da cultura, sendo avaliada também a produção de massa seca de folha/corte, massa seca de caule/corte, massa seca de folha total e massa seca de caule total. As plantas manejadas com frequência de corte de 90 dias obtiveram maior área foliar específica e índice de área foliar, o mesmo foi observado para altura de resíduo de 90 cm. A maior taxa de crescimento cultural foi de 2,63 g/m2·dia obtida no manejo de corte com frequência de 45 dias e altura de resíduo de 90 cm. No mesmo manejo de corte observou-se o valor máximo para taxa de crescimento relativo de 0,016 g g-1 dia-1 e maior taxa assimilatória líquida de 1,32 g/m2·dia. Ambas as taxas foram obtidas no período do 3° ao 4° corte (período chuvoso). Para o manejo de corte com frequência de 90 dias e altura observou-se maior produção de massa seca de folha e caule por corte e total. Na altura de resíduo de 90 cm houve maior produção de massa seca de folha e caule por corte e total. O manejo de corte influencia o crescimento e o acúmulo de massa de forragem da gliricídia de acordo com a precipitação pluvial da região