Evaluation of bacterial contamination of wastewater treatment plants at Agadir (Morocco),isolation, molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio species

Au Maroc et principalement dans la Wilaya d'Agadir trois stations d'épuration des eaux usées fonctionnant selon la technique d'infiltration-percolation sur sable ont été mises en place. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer les caractéristiques physico-chimiques, bactériologiques, ainsi que l'étude des souches de Vibrio isolées de 3 stations d'épuration de la ville. Les résultats d'abattement des bactéries indicatrices de contamination fécale entre l'entrée et la sortie des 3 stations d'épuration dépassent les 99%. La qualité des eaux épurées issues des 3 STEPs échantillonnées Ben Sergao, Drarga et L'Mzar, est de type A selon les recommandations de l'OMS (1989), mais il faut que le nombre des oeufs d'helminthes soit moins de 1/L'pour une réutilisation en irrigation de façon non restrictive. Au cours de cette étude et après identification par le système Vitek 2 et/ou par PCR, sérotypage, 58 souches de Vibrio ont été isolées et analysées. Cette population est représentée par quatre espèces : 31 souches de V. cholerae non-O1, 17 souches de V. alginolyticus, 9 souches de V. fluvialis et une souche de V. metschnikovii. 53,44% des souches de Vibrio isolées ont un phénotype sauvage, 46,56% des souches présentent le phénotype pénicillinase à bas niveau ou phénptype céphalosporinase à bas niveau. L'étude des profils de migration électrophorètique de l'ADN total après macro restriction enzymatique par NotI, a révélé un degré important d'hétérogénéité des souches de Vibrio. La spectrométrie de masse MALDI TOF a été utilisée pour identifier et classer des souches de Vibrio. La qualité d'identification par cette technique est fonction de la richesse de la banque de spectres enregistrés.In countries such as Morocco, characterized by scarce rainfall, lack of frshwater resources and high groundwater salinity where agriculture reuse of municipal wastewater is becoming a compulsory choice for water resources management. This study evaluated the efficiency of the three wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) for the removal of physico-chemical and microbiological contaminants. Resistance to antibiotics, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used to characterize Vibrio isolates. Mean values were used to determine treatment performances of the 3 WTPs, electric conductivity didn t showed any difference between raw and treated wastewater and the mean values varying from 2900 S/cm to 3300, the pH varying from 6,66 to 8,6, and the temperature varying between 16°C and 26.4°C. Removal efficiencies of fecal coliforms, enterococci and spores of sulphite reducing anaerobic bacteria were betwenn 3 and 4 log unit for the 3WTPs. 4 species of Vibrio were identified, among the 58 Vibrio sp. isolated, 53,44% were identified as V. cholerae, 29,31% as V. alginolyticus, 17,78% as V. fluvialis and 1,74% as V. metschnikovii. Of the total 58 Vibrio isolates, 53,44% were susceptible to all antibiotics. Of the resistant (46,56%) Vibrio strains, 39,83% were resistant against one to three antibiotics. PFGE with NotI digestion produced patterns with higher level of heterogeneity, and about 31% of Vibrio isolates were untypeable. MALDI-TOF-MS-based fingerprinting of Vibrio isolates has potential as a rapid for identification and finest differences between strains can readily be evaluated by the dendrogram based on percentage identity of MALDI-TOF mass spectra of Vibrio isolates, but requires further development for database of BioTyper

Evaluation of bacterial contamination of wastewater treatment plants at Agadir (Morocco),isolation, molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio species

Au Maroc et principalement dans la Wilaya d'Agadir trois stations d'épuration des eaux usées fonctionnant selon la technique d'infiltration-percolation sur sable ont été mises en place. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer les caractéristiques physIn countries such as Morocco, characterized by scarce rainfall, lack of frshwater resources and high groundwater salinity where agriculture reuse of municipal wastewater is becoming a compulsory choice for water resources management. This study evaluate

Mutations Associated with Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Moroccan Patients: Systematic Review

Background. In recent years, the treatment of tuberculosis has been threatened by the increasing number of patients with drug resistance, especially rifampicin resistance, which is the most effective first-line antibiotic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods. We performed a systematic review of the literature by searching the PubMed database for studies of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from Moroccan patients, published between 2010 and 2020. The aim of this review was to quantify the frequency of the most common mutations associated with rifampicin resistance, to describe the frequency at which these mutations co-occur. Identified studies were critically appraised according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Results. 6 studies met our inclusion criteria. Results show that 99.36% of MTB isolates had a single-point mutation, and the most commonly mutated codon of rpoB gene is 531 with 70.33% of phenotypically resistant strains. However, 10.38% of MTB strains phenotypically resistant to RIF did not exhibit any mutation in the rpoB gene. Conclusion. Identification of a resistance-associated mutation to rifampicin can be a good marker of drug-resistant TB, but lack of a mutation in the target sequence must be interpreted with caution

Rapid molecular assays for detection of tuberculosis

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains an important public health problem at the global level. It is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant Mycobacterium strains and HIV co-infection. Over the past decade, important progress has been made for better control of the disease. While microscopy and culture continue to be indispensible for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, the range of several molecular diagnostic tests, including the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), have expanded tremendously. They are becoming more accessible not only for detection and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical specimens, but now extend to diagnosing multi-drug resistant strains. Molecular diagnostic tests provide timely results useful for high-quality patient care, low contamination risk, and ease of performance and speed. This review focuses on the current diagnostic tests in use, including emerging technologies used for detection of tuberculosis in clinical specimens. The sensitivity and specificity of these tests have also been taken into consideration

Évaluation de la contamination bactériologique des eaux usées des stations d épuration du Grand Agadir (Isolement, caractérisation moléculaire et antibiorésistance des espèces du genre Vibrio)

Au Maroc et principalement dans la Wilaya d Agadir trois stations d épuration des eaux usées fonctionnant selon la technique d infiltration-percolation sur sable ont été mises en place. L objectif de cette étude est de déterminer les caractéristiques physico-chimiques, bactériologiques, ainsi que l étude des souches de Vibrio isolées de 3 stations d épuration de la ville. Les résultats d abattement des bactéries indicatrices de contamination fécale entre l entrée et la sortie des 3 stations d épuration dépassent les 99%. La qualité des eaux épurées issues des 3 STEPs échantillonnées Ben Sergao, Drarga et L Mzar, est de type A selon les recommandations de l OMS (1989), mais il faut que le nombre des oeufs d helminthes soit moins de 1/L pour une réutilisation en irrigation de façon non restrictive. Au cours de cette étude et après identification par le système Vitek 2 et/ou par PCR, sérotypage, 58 souches de Vibrio ont été isolées et analysées. Cette population est représentée par quatre espèces : 31 souches de V. cholerae non-O1, 17 souches de V. alginolyticus, 9 souches de V. fluvialis et une souche de V. metschnikovii. 53,44% des souches de Vibrio isolées ont un phénotype sauvage, 46,56% des souches présentent le phénotype pénicillinase à bas niveau ou phénptype céphalosporinase à bas niveau. L étude des profils de migration électrophorètique de l ADN total après macro restriction enzymatique par NotI, a révélé un degré important d hétérogénéité des souches de Vibrio. La spectrométrie de masse MALDI TOF a été utilisée pour identifier et classer des souches de Vibrio. La qualité d identification par cette technique est fonction de la richesse de la banque de spectres enregistrés.In countries such as Morocco, characterized by scarce rainfall, lack of freshwater resources and high groundwater salinity where agriculture reuse of municipal wastewater is becoming a compulsory choice for water resources management. This study evaluated the efficiency of the three wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) for the removal of physico-chemical and microbiological contaminants. Resistance to antibiotics, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used to characterize Vibrio isolates. Mean values were used to determine treatment performances of the 3 WTPs, electric conductivity didn t showed any difference between raw and treated wastewater and the mean values varying from 2900 S/cm to 3300, the pH varying from 6,66 to 8,6, and the temperature varying between 16C and 26.4C. Removal efficiencies of fecal coliforms, enterococci and spores of sulphite reducing anaerobic bacteria were betwenn 3 and 4 log unit for the 3WTPs. 4 species of Vibrio were identified, among the 58 Vibrio sp. isolated, 53,44% were identified as V. cholerae, 29,31% as V. alginolyticus, 17,78% as V. fluvialis and 1,74% as V. metschnikovii. Of the total 58 Vibrio isolates, 53,44% were susceptible to all antibiotics. Of the resistant (46,56%) Vibrio strains, 39,83% were resistant against one to three antibiotics. PFGE with NotI digestion produced patterns with higher level of heterogeneity, and about 31% of Vibrio isolates were untypeable. MALDI-TOF-MS-based fingerprinting of Vibrio isolates has potential as a rapid for identification and finest differences between strains can readily be evaluated by the dendrogram based on percentage identity of MALDI-TOF mass spectra of Vibrio isolates, but requires further development for database of BioTyper.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Elaboration of Nanoparticles Containing Indomethacin: Argan Oil for Transdermal Local and Cosmetic Application

International audienc