48 research outputs found
Correlates of weapon carrying among high school students in the United States
Abstract Background Deaths and injuries arising from interpersonal violence among adolescents are major public health concerns in the United States. The bearing of weapons among adolescents is a critical factor in many of these deaths and injuries. Methods A secondary analysis of the 2005 United States Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Survey data was carried out to examine the variables associated with self-reported history of weapon carrying on school property among high school students. We used logistic regression analysis to assess the associations. Results Of the 13,707 respondents who participated in the survey, 10.2% of males and 2.6% of females reported carrying a weapon on school property. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, males were more likely to report having carried a weapon than females (odds ratio (OR) = 5.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.23, 7.62]). Self-reported race/ethnicity was also associated with weapon carrying. Other variables positively associated with weapon carrying at school were substance use (OR = 1.77; 95% CI [1.16, 2.68]), depression (OR = 1.44; 95% CI [1.10, 1.89]), suicidal ideation (OR = 1.64; 95% CI [1.23, 2.19]), having had property stolen or deliberately damaged at school (OR = 1.55; 95% CI [1.21, 1.98]), having been raped (OR = 1.70; 95% CI [1.22, 2.37]), having been threatened or injured with a weapon on school property (OR = 2.19; 95% CI [1.63, 2.95]), and having engaged in physical fighting (OR = 2.02; 95% CI [1.56, 2.63]). Conclusion This research identifies factors that are associated with weapon bearing among adolescents in the United States. These factors may be important in the design of interventions aimed at improving school safety and adolescent health
Development of Functional Symptoms in Children Exposed to Traumatic Events
This chapter will review the typical symptoms occurring in children
after stressful traumatic exposures. Unlike other chapters in this book, no
specific organ system is the most likely focus of functional symptoms in
this setting. Psychological distress may exacerbate symptoms of physical
illness and injury associated with the traumatic events, may be expressed
as almost any seemingly unrelated symptom, may intensify the age appropriate
fears typical of any child, or may predominantly be exhibited behaviorally.
In most nonsevere cases, the impact is self-limited and the
individual’s functioning will be back to normal within days or weeks.
We will suggest simple behavioral and environmental interventions
intended to help relieve children’s distress. However, when large populations
are affected and individuals suffer severe loss such as in a mass
casualty disaster, the scale of events requires community-wide efforts to
meet the needs of children and their families. The fact that some children are
more psychosocially vulnerable than others will be discussed. The chapter
will conclude by highlighting warning signs warranting professional mental
health care
Clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: summary statements and recommendations from the Italian Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Background: The Italian Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology conceived this guidance—which is primarily addressed to Italian orthopedic surgeons, but should also prove useful to other bone specialists and to general practitioners—in order to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis and its consequences. Materials and methods: Literature reviews by a multidisciplinary team. Results: The following topics are covered: the role of instrumental, metabolic, and genetic evaluations in the diagnosis of osteoporosis; appraisal of the risk of fracture and thresholds for intervention; general strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (primary and secondary prevention); the pharmacologic treatment of osteoporosis; the setting and implementation of fracture liaison services for tertiary prevention. Grade A, B, and C recommendations are provided based on the main levels of evidence (1–3). Toolboxes for everyday clinical practice are provided. Conclusions: The first up-to-date Italian guidelines for the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are presented.Background The Italian Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology conceived this guidance-which is primarily addressed to Italian orthopedic surgeons, but should also prove useful to other bone specialists and to general practitioners-in order to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis and its consequences.Materials and methods Literature reviews by a multidisciplinary team.Results The following topics are covered: the role of instrumental, metabolic, and genetic evaluations in the diagnosis of osteoporosis; appraisal of the risk of fracture and thresholds for intervention; general strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (primary and secondary prevention); the pharmacologic treatment of osteoporosis; the setting and implementation of fracture liaison services for tertiary prevention. Grade A, B, and C recommendations are provided based on the main levels of evidence (1-3). Toolboxes for everyday clinical practice are provided.Conclusions The first up-to-date Italian guidelines for the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are presented