Ultra-Low-Power Clock Generation for IoT Radios

Duty-cycling is required to reduce the overall power consumption in IoT systems to extend the battery lifetime, which requires ultra-low-power clock generations. In this work, both the role of clocking in the whole system and the technical challenges for on-demand burst-mode operation will be discussed. In addition, an overview of state-of-the-art low-energy clock generation techniques and their performance trade-offs in terms of frequency, stability, and noise will be provided. As an example, we will show two clock generation circuits to illustrate how the challenges can be addressed.</p

CMOS Comparators

This chapter first presents an overview of CMOS voltage comparator architectures and circuits. Starting from the identification of the comparator behavior, Section 2 introduces several comparator architectures and circuits. Then, Section 3 assumes these topologies, characterizes high-level attributes, such as static gain, unitary time constant, etc., and analyzes the trade-off for each architecture. Such analysis provides a basis for comparison among architectures. These previous sections of the chapter neglect the influence of circuit dissymmetries. Dissymmetries are covered in Section 4; and new comparator topologies are presented to overcome the offset caused by dissymmetries. Related high-level trade-offs for these topologies are also studied in this section.This work has been partially supported by the spanish MCyT and the ERDF - Project TIC2001-0929 (ADAVERE), and the European Union Project IST- 2001-34283 (TAMES). The useful comments from Dr. Gustavo Liñán are highly appreciated.Peer reviewe