72 research outputs found
Influence of epithermal muonic molecule formation on kinetics of the CF processes in deuterium
The non-resonant formation of molecules in the loosely bound state in
collisions of non-thermalized atoms with deuterium molecules D has
been considered. The process of such a type is possible only for collision
energies exceeded the ionization potential of D. The calculated rates of
formation in the above-threshold energy region are about one order of
magnitude higher than obtained earlier.
The role of epithermal non-resonant -molecule formation for the kinetics
of CF processes in D gas was studied. It was shown that the
non-resonant formation by atoms accelerated during the cascade
can be directly observed in the neutron time spectra at very short initial
times.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the International Conference on
Exotic Atoms and Related Topics EXA-2011, Vienna, Sep 5-9, 201
Single-crystalline, wormlike hematite photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting
A hematite photoanode showing a stable, record-breaking performance of 4.32 mA/cm(2) photoelectrochemical water oxidation current at 1.23 V vs. RHE under simulated 1-sun (100 mW/cm(2)) irradiation is reported. This photocurrent corresponds to ca. 34% of the maximum theoretical limit expected for hematite with a band gap of 2.1 V. The photoanode produced stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen gases in amounts close to the expected values from the photocurrent. The hematitle has a unique single-crystalline "wormlike" morphology produced by in-situ two-step annealing at 550 degrees C and 800 degrees C of beta-FeOOH nanorods grown directly on a transparent conducting oxide glass via an all-solution method. In addition, it is modified by platinum doping to improve the charge transfer characteristics of hematite and an oxygen-evolving co-catalyst on the surface.open2
Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease
Macrophages the most plastic cells of the hematopoietic system are found in all tissues and exhibit great functional diversity. They have roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, and immunity. While anatomically distinct, resident tissue macrophages exhibit different transcriptional profiles, and functional capabilities, they are all required for the maintenance of homeostasis. However, these reparative and homeostatic functions can be subverted by chronic insults, resulting in a causal association of macrophages with disease states. In this review, we discuss how macrophages regulate normal physiology and development and provide several examples of their pathophysiologic roles in disease. We define the “hallmarks” of macrophages performing particular functions, taking into account novel insights into the diversity of their lineages, identity, and regulation. This diversity is essential to understand because macrophages have emerged as important therapeutic targets in many important human diseases
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