К СТОЛЕТИЮ ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА ИМ. Н.Н. БУРДЕНКО. ИСТОРИЯ КАФЕДРЫ ПРОПЕДЕВТИКИ ВНУТРЕННИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ

The article concerns the 100th anniversary of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases at the NN Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University. There are several important stages in the formation of the department. The history of the development of the department of propaedeutics of internal diseases is inextricably linked with the formation of the Voronezh Medical University from the day of its foundation. During the last century, the department was headed by famous scientists-clinicians: Philosophov P.I., Kurshakov N.A., Gerke A.A., Ravich-Shcherbo V.A., and others. The national medicine owes to their work in the field of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis diseases of the lungs and pleura, the clinical course of adhesive pericarditis. During the postwar periods, the department was headed by professors Tumanovsky M.N., Kobyzev A.S., Safonov Yu.D. Their contribution to the development of medical science is difficult to overestimate. The doctrine of Professor Safonov Yu.D. on the bio-hydraulic mechanism of origin of heart sounds found resonance all over the world. Since 1987 to the present time the department of propaedeutics of internal diseases is headed by Professor Nikitin A.V. known as the founder of a new scientific direction in the field of non-drug treatment methods for diseases of internal organs. For his scientific contribution, Anatoly Vladimirovich was awarded the USSR Council of Ministers Prize, and was given an Honorary title «Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation». Professor Nikitin A.V. is a famous scientist, a clinician, and a teacher who advised on 50 candidate and 5 doctoral dissertations defended afterward.Статья посвящена 100-летнему юбилею кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней Воронежского государственного медицинского университета им. Н.Н. Бурденко. Отмечены несколько важных этапов формирования кафедры. История развития кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней неразрывно связана со становлением Воронежского медицинского университета. В разные годы прошлого столетия кафедрой руководили известные ученые-клиницисты ― П.И. Философов, Н.А. Куршаков, А.А. Герке, В.А. Равич-Щербо и др. Именно их работам в области диагностики и лечения туберкулезных заболеваний легких и плевры, клинического течения адгезивного перикардита обязана отечественная медицина. В послевоенные годы кафедрой заведовали профессора М.Н. Тумановский, А.С. Кобызев, Ю.Д. Сафонов. Их вклад в развитие медицинской науки сложно переоценить. Учение профессора Ю.Д. Сафонова о биогидравлическом механизме происхождения тонов сердца получило резонанс во всем мире. С 1987 г. по настоящее время кафедру пропедевтики внутренних болезней возглавляет профессор А.В. Никитин, известный как основатель нового научного направления в области немедикаментозных методов лечения пациентов с заболеваниями внутренних органов. За научный вклад Анатолий Владимирович удостоен Премии Совета Министров СССР, а также Почетного звания «Заслуженный работник Высшей школы РФ». Защита 50 кандидатских и 5 докторских диссертаций под руководством профессора А.В. Никитина являются результатом научного труда известного ученого, клинициста и педагога

Галектины 1 и 3 в механизмах рекрутирования эозинофильных гранулоцитов в опухолевую ткань при раке желудка и толстого кишечника

Background: Gastric and colon tumors are often associated with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue, the significance of which is still not entirely clear. The recruitment of eosinophils into the tissues can be in part regulated by galectins ― galactose-binding proteins which are expressed by a variety of tissues and are capable of exerting a broad range of effects. Aims: To evaluate the expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in tumor tissue, and gal-3 gene mRNA expression in blood eosinophils in patients with gastric and colon cancer with or without tissue eosinophilia. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 107 patients (84 males and 23 females, average age 60,9 6,8) with verified gastric cancer (52 persons) and colon cancer (55 persons), who underwent treatment or were registered at the dispensary at the regional medical institution Tomsk Regional Oncology Center (Tomsk, Russia). The control group consisted of 15 men and 11 women of comparable age. The materials of the research included samples of gastric and colon tumors obtained during surgery, and eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from whole blood by immunomagnetic separation. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of gal-3 gene mRNA in eosinophils was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples with Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for multiple comparisons, and the Chi-square Pearson criterion with Yates correction. Results: In patients with gastric cancer and colon cancer, regardless of the presence of tissue eosinophilia, low expression of galectin-3 in the tumor tissue and high expression of gal-3 gene mRNA in peripheral blood eosinophils were found. Gastric and colon cancer patients with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue were characterized by low expression of galectin-1 within tumor cells (in 64.0% cases, 2 = 4.890, р = 0.029; and in 73.9% cases, 2 = 5.981, p = 0.031 respectively). There was a statistically significant connection between the level of galectin-1 expression by tumor cells and the presence of tissue eosinophilia both in gastric ( = 0.307) and colon cancer ( = 0.330). Conclusion: Low expression of galectin 1 and 3 by tumor cells in gastric and colon cancer with tissue eosinophilia indicates the lack of a significant effect of these proteins on the process of recruiting eosinophilic granulocytes into tumor tissue. Increased expression of galectin-3 in blood eosinophils in gastric and colon cancer is not associated with the presence of eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue.Обоснование. При раке желудка и толстого кишечника весьма часто обнаруживается эозинофильная инфильтрация опухолевой ткани, значение которой до сих пор неясно. В регуляции рекрутирования эозинофилов в ткань новообразования принимают участие галектины ― белки, экспрессируемые многими клетками и характеризующиеся широким спектром свойств. Цель исследования ― оценить экспрессию галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани и м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофилах крови при раке желудка и толстого кишечника с тканевой эозинофилией и без нее. Методы. Обследованы 107 пациентов (84 мужчины и 23 женщины, средний возраст 60,9 6,8 лет) с верифицированным диагнозом рака желудка (52 больных) и рака толстого кишечника (55 больных), которые проходили лечение в ОГАУЗ Томский областной онкологический диспансер (Томск). В группу контроля вошли 15 мужчин и 11 женщин сопоставимого возраста. Материал исследования: эозинофильные гранулоциты, выделенные из цельной крови методом иммуномагнитной сепарации, и образцы опухолевой ткани желудка и толстого кишечника, полученные в ходе оперативного вмешательства. Экспрессию галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани оценивали методом иммуногистохимии. Исследование экспрессии м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофильных гранулоцитах осуществляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени с использованием обратной транскрипции. Для статистической обработки результатов применяли непараметрический U-критерий МаннаУитни для независимых выборок с поправкой БенджаминиХохберга для множественного сравнения и критерий хи-квадрат Пирсона с поправкой Йейтса. Результаты. У пациентов с раком желудка и раком толстого кишечника вне зависимости от наличия тканевой эозинофилии установлена низкая экспрессия галектина-3 в опухолевой ткани и, напротив, высокий уровень экспрессии м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофильных гранулоцитах периферической крови. У больных раком желудка и раком толстого кишечника с тканевой эозинофилией зарегистрирована низкая экспрессия опухолевыми клетками галектина-1 (в 64,0% случаев, 2 = 4,890, р = 0,029, и в 73,9% случаев, 2 = 5,981, p = 0,031 соответственно). Показана ассоциация гипоэкспрессии галектина-1 с эозинофильной инфильтрацией злокачественных опухолей желудка ( = 0,307) и толстого кишечника ( = 0,330). Заключение. Дефицит экспрессии галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани при раке желудка и толстого кишечника, сопровождающийся тканевой эозинофилией, свидетельствует об отсутствии значимого влияния данных белков на процесс рекрутирования эозинофильных гранулоцитов в опухолевую ткань. Повышенный уровень экспрессии галектина-3 эозинофилами крови при злокачественных опухолях желудка и толстого кишечника не зависит от наличия эозинофильной инфильтрации опухолевой ткани

Bidirectional mass transfer-based generation of plasma-activated water mist with antibacterial properties

Plasma-activated water mist (PAWM) is obtained by the ignition of plasma within an air–vapor mixture. PAWM demonstrates significant antibacterial properties, decreasing loads of foodborne pathogens by a factor of 35.5 for Listeria monocytogenes, 166 for Salmonella Typhimurium, and 266 for Escherichia coli O157:H7 within 15 s. Bacterial biofilms have a similar species-dependant susceptibility. Biofilms of L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and E. coli O157:H7 are destroyed by 44%, 77%, and 71%, respectively, after being treated for 2 min. Obtained results suggest importance of short-lived radicals, because PAWM condensate is not bactericidal. A new model of PAW generation as a cyclic process of oxidation reactive nitrogen species by reactive oxygen species, which occurs during effective bidirectional mass transfer between heavily humid air and water mist in plasma discharge, is presented. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei

Sleep-Related Complaints in Children 5—13 Years Old: Prevalence and Content. Part 1

Sleep-related complaints are common in children and affect their daytime sleepiness, success and quality of life. However, often parents are unaware of or do not consider them as a problem demanding treatment. Aim. To identify the parental appraisals of the patterns and difficulties with sleep in children aged 5&mdash;13 years and parental subjective qualification of them as a problem. Methods. In 147 pairs of &laquo;parent-child 5&mdash;13 years old without diagnosed sleep disorders&raquo; (47 pairs with a child 5&mdash;6 years old, 49 with a child 7&mdash;9 years old, 51 with a child 10&mdash;13 years old), parents answered questions about the pattern children&rsquo;s sleep habits and completed the Children&rsquo;s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Children replied to Sleep Self-Report. Results. Difficulties with sleeping are common in children 5&mdash;13 years of age: irregular bedtimes, prolonged time falling asleep, falling asleep in someone else&rsquo;s bed, night terrors, insufficient sleep time, frequent nocturnal awakenings, sleep-talking, early morning awakenings, long time to get up in the morning, fatigue in the afternoon 3 times a week or more are typical for every third child, while protests against going to bed, the impossibility of waking up on their own in the morning, difficulties in getting up in the morning &mdash; for every second child. For children 10&mdash;13 years old, lack of sleep was also wide-spread. Parents frequently do not consider sleep difficulties in children as a problem. The pattern of going to bed, sleeping, and waking up didn&rsquo;t not differ between boys and girls, but girls rated their sleepiness higher, and rated sleep quality lower. With age, daytime and nighttime sleep was reduced, bedtime became later, while breathing problems during sleep, parasomnia symptoms and night terrors became rarer. Conclusion. Given the prevalence of complaints about various difficulties associated with sleep in children aged 5&mdash;13 years, the acute question is why parents do not qualify these difficulties as problems and do not seek help is relevant.</p

Sleep-related Complaints in Children 5-13 Years Old: Relationship between Children’s and Parental Appraisals. Part 2

The prevalence of sleep difficulties in children aged 5&ndash;13 in the context of rare requests from parents for help to specialists allows us to raise the question of what features of children's sleep parents notice and which of them they consider as a problem. Aim. To identify the features of recognition by parents of sleep difficulties in children aged 5&ndash;13 years and their subjective qualification their children&rsquo;s sleep as a problem. Methods. In 147 pairs of &laquo;parent&ndash;child 5&ndash;13 years old without diagnosed sleep disorders&raquo; (47 pairs with a child 5&ndash;6 years old, 49 with a child 7&ndash;9 years old, 51 with a child 10&ndash;13 years old), parents answered questions about the pattern of children's sleep habits and completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, while the children answered questions about the children's self&ndash;report about their sleep (Sleep Self&ndash;Report). Results. Despite the prevalence of various sleep difficulties in children aged 5&ndash;13 years, most of the symptoms, unless they are daily or extremely rare and culturally viewed as different from the norm, are rarely considered a problem by parents. The opinions of children and parents in relation to observable, externally verified behavioral manifestations were maximally coherent. The opinions of children and parents on aspects of sleep, which include not the manifestations themselves, but the assessment of their normativity, were not at all consistent with each other. Conclusions. The data point to both the importance of better informing parents about various aspects of children's sleep, and the relevance of clinicians' attention to those features of children's sleep that parents do not notice or are not considered a problem.</p

Strain specific motility patterns and surface adhesion of virulent and probiotic Escherichia coli

Bacterial motility provides the ability for bacterial dissemination and surface exploration, apart from a choice between surface colonisation and further motion. In this study, we characterised the movement trajectories of pathogenic and probiotic Escherichia coli strains (ATCC43890 and M17, respectively) at the landing stage (i.e., leaving the bulk and approaching the surface) and its correlation with adhesion patterns and efficiency. A poorly motile strain JM109 was used as a control. Using specially designed and manufactured microfluidic chambers, we found that the motion behaviour near surfaces drastically varied between the strains, correlating with adhesion patterns. We consider two bacterial strategies for effective surface colonisation: horizontal and vertical, based on the obtained results. The horizontal strategy demonstrated by the M17 strain is characterised by collective directed movements within the horizontal layer during a relatively long period and non-uniform adhesion patterns, suggesting co-dependence of bacteria in the course of adhesion. The vertical strategy demonstrated by the pathogenic ATCC43890 strain implies the individual movement of bacteria mainly in the vertical direction, a faster transition from bulk to near-surface swimming, and independent bacterial behaviour during adhesion, providing a uniform distribution over the surface. © 2022, The Author(s)