Роль фразеологических единиц в сетевом медицинском дискурсе

The article analyzes phraseological units, stable expressions that are found in different types of networkmedical discourse. On the basis of practical examples, the functional features of stable expressions werealso identified: the formation of a positive image of a medical institution, medical products, an increasein imagery, expressiveness of discourse.В статье анализируются фразеологические единицы, устойчивые выражения, которые встречаются в разных видах сетевого медицинского дискурса. На основании практических примероввыявлены и функциональные особенности устойчивых выражений: формирование позитивного ТиаИшт ШёШ 173 шжд¥пяродпын вор¥ш яояодих ршеш имиджа медицинского учреждения, медицинской продукции, повышение образности, экспрессивности дискурса

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN BASED ON COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH

Modern society imposes special requirements to the formation of a system of personal value orientations, communicative competence, and interaction skills of younger students in primary school. The article reveals the problems of development of communicative competence of primary schoolchildren on the basis of competency-based approach. Communicative competence is considered as a holistic system of mental and behavioral characteristics of a person that contribute to successful communication, that is, achieving the goal (effective) and emotionally favorable (psychologically comfortable) for the parties involved. From the standpoint of dialogue and interaction, the leading socio-psychological needs and value orientations of primary schoolchildren are shown; their communicative difficulties are described. Technologies and criteria of efficiency of development of communicative competences are presented: paired and group work; tasks aimed at independent search and choice of solutions, the justification of opinions; problem communicative situations (cases); games; special communicative tasks, etc. The data of the study with the use of group activities aimed at creating an integrative learning environment in the classroom are presented. It is shown that in the experimental group, after specially organized classes with the performance of tasks in pairs and mini-groups, the indicators of mutual control, the ability to negotiate, increase the clarity of statements

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСА «ИНТЕРФЕЙС “МОЗГ – КОМПЬЮТЕР” И ЭКЗОСКЕЛЕТ» И ТЕХНИКИ ВООБРАЖЕНИЯ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПОСЛЕ ИНСУЛЬТА

Background: Efficacy of physical exercise and movement imagination for restoration of motor dysfunction after a stroke is seen as proven. However, the use of movement imagination is complicated by impossibility of objective and subjective control over  the exercise, as well as by the absence of their motor support. The brain-computer interface based on electroencephalography is a technique that enables a feedback during movement imagination.Materials and methods: We assessed 10 patients (6 men and 4 women) aged from 30 to 66 years (mean age, 47 ± 7.7 years) with an ischemic (n = 9) and hemorrhagic (n = 1) stroke during the last 2 months to 4 years. Online recognition of movement imagination was done by a classifier with a brain computer interface. An exo-skeleton supported passive movements in a paretic hand managed by the brain-computer interface. During 2 weeks the patients had 10 sessions of 45–90 minute duration each. For control, we used data from 5 stroke patients who, in addition to their standard treatment, underwent an imitation of rehabilitation procedures without movement imagination and feedback. To assess efficacy of treatment, we used a modified Ashworth scale, Fugl-Meyer scale, test for evaluation of hand functions ARAT, British scale for assessment of muscle force MRC-SS. Level of everyday activity and working ability was measured with a modified Rankin scale and Bartel index. Cognitive functions were assessed with Schulte tables.Results: Online recognition of movement imagination according to desynchronization of μ rhythm was registered in 50–75% of patients. All patients reported a subjective improvement of motor functions and working ability. Positive results for at least one parameter were observed in all patients; however, there were no significant difference between the parameters before and after rehabilitation procedures, excluding cognitive functions (degree of warming-up, p 0.02).Conclusion: In post stroke patients, the use of movement imagination, brain-computer interface and exo-skeleton does not seem to affect the rehabilitation process negatively. In all cases, some positive results were achieved in motor recovery, as well as in working ability and daily activity. The results of the rehabilitation procedure are promising; however, the study should be continued.Актуальность. Эффективность физических упражнений и воображения движений для восстановления двигательных нарушений после инсульта считается доказанной. Однако применение воображения движений осложняется невозможностью объективного и субъективного контроля за выполнением упражнений, а также отсутствием их двигательного подкрепления. Интерфейс «мозг – компьютер» на основе электроэнцефалограммы – метод, позволяющий осуществлять обратную связь при выполнении воображения движений.Материал и методы. Обследованы 10 пациентов (6 мужчин и 4 женщины) в возрасте от 30 до 66 лет (средний возраст 47 ± 7,7 года), перенесших ишемический (n = 9) и геморрагический (n = 1) инсульт в срок от 2 месяцев до 4 лет. Онлайн-распознавание воображения движений осуществлялось классификатором с помощью интерфейса «мозг – компьютер». Экзоскелет осуществлял пассивное движение в паретичной кисти под управлением интерфейса «мозг – компьютер». Пациенты получали по 10 занятий длительностью 45–90 минут в течение 2 недель. В качестве контроля использовали данные 5 пациентов, перенесших инсульт, которым в дополнение к стандартной терапии проводилась имитация реабилитационной процедуры без воображения движения и обратной связи. Для оценки эффективности проводимых мероприятий использовали модифицированную шкалу Ашворта, шкалу Fugl-Meyer, тест исследования функций руки ARAT, Британскую шкалу оценки мышечной силы MRC-SS; уровень дееспособности и повседневной активности определяли при помощи модифицированной шкалы Рэнкина и индекса Бартел; когнитивные функции исследовали с использованием таблиц Шульте.Результаты. Онлайн-распознавание воображения движений по реакции десинхронизации μ-ритма зарегистрировано у пациентов в 50–75%. Субъективно все пациенты отметили улучшение двигательных функций и дееспособности. Положительный результат по данным одного и более показателей был отмечен у всех пациентов, однако статистически значимого различияпоказателей до и после проведения реабилитационных мероприятий не получено за исключением когнитивной сферы (степень врабатываемости, p 0,02).Заключение. У пациентов, перенесших инсульт, процедура с использованием воображения движений, интерфейса «мозг – компьютер» и экзоскелета не оказывала отрицательного влияния на процесс реабилитации. Во всех наблюдениях был достигнут положительный результат как в отношении восстановления движений, так и дееспособности и повседневной активности. Результат применения реабилитационной процедуры перспективен, однако следует продолжить исследование.

In vivo antimicrobial and wound-healing activity of resveratrol, dihydroquercetin and dihydromyricetin against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans

An increase in the spread of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic microorganisms causes serious problems in the treatment of purulent infections, burns, and trophic ulcers. We tested the antimicrobial activity in vivo of three polyphenols, Resveratrol, Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin), and Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin) from Norway spruce bark to promote the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans from wounds. Purulent infection was modelled on wounds in rats infected with suspensions containing 109 CFU (colony-forming unit)/mL of pathogens. The wound area was treated daily with solutions of the polyphenols or placebo for 14 days after the beginning of the treatment. The animals were examined daily, and each stage of the wound healing (inflammation, granulation, and maturation (marginal epithelialisation) was documented. The planimetric analysis of the wound recovery percentage was performed on the 3rd, 10th, and 14th day after the start of curing. Then, one echelon (three or four animals from each subgroup) was withdrawn from the experiment on days 3 (three animals), 10 (three animals), and 14 (four animals) for microscopy analysis of cytological composition of their wound defects by microscopy and microbiological analysis of their contamination with pathogens. Our results show that they are also able to suppress mast cell infiltration and stimulate lymphocyte and macrophage (monocyte) infiltration into the wound. Resveratrol stimulated the replacement of the scar with normal tissue (with a clear boundary between the dermis and epidermis) and the restoration of hair follicles. Resveratrol turned out to be significantly better than some commercial antimicrobial (Levomecol) and antifungal (Clotrimazole) ointments and can be proposed as a promising drug for topical use for the treatment of trophic ulcers and burns

A study of antimicrobial activity of polyphenols derived from wood.

Due to the spreading and increasing drug resistance of pathogens, the search for novel antibiotics is becoming ever more important. Plant-derived polyphenols are a vast and promising class of compounds with a potential to fight infectious diseases. Still, they are not routinely used in clinical practice. No reports on the in vivo studies of these compounds have been presented. The aim of our work was to compare the antimicrobial activity of resveratrol (stilbene), dihydroquercetin and dihydromyricetin (flavonols) extracted from the bark and wood of conifers against the dermatophytes Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Using the radial diffusion assay, we established that dihydroquercetin, resveratrol and dihydromyricetin exhibit high activity against S. aureus even at the smallest possible concentrations of 0.22, 0.15, and 0.15 mM, respectively. In contrast, the highest achievable concentrations of these compounds in the solutions (21.5, 15.5 and 15.0 mM for dihydroquercetin, resveratrol and dihydromyricetin, respectively) have no effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. These findings suggest that polyphenols derived from conifers could have a potential to be used as a medicine for topical application to treat bacterial infections of the skin caused by S. aureus

Methods of Biomechatronic for Human Arm Stimulator

Abstract: The problems of mechatronics when developing medical and research training simulators, exoskeletons, devoted to a stimulation of bone-muscle apparatus of the human arm with motor disorders are considered. The results of modeling of the biomechanics and nervous control of the human arm are presented. The requirements to the mechatronics of the exoskeleton of the arm are formulated on the basis of these results. The studies are supported by RFBR grants 11-04-12067-офи-м-2012, № 11-04-12025-офи-м-2012 and №10-04-00191-а.Note: Research direction:Theoretical and applied problems of mechanic