Development of guidance on applications of regulatory requirements for low specific activity materials and surface contaminated objects

In 1985, the International Atomic Energy Agency issued revised regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material. Significant among the changes were major revisions to requirements for Low Specific Activity (LSA) material and Surface Contaminated Objects (SCOs). In preparation for the adoption of these requirements into regulations in the United States, it became apparent that guidance on how to apply these requirements, clarifying technical uncertainties and ensuring proper implementation, would be needed both by the regulators and those regulated. Thus, the US Department of Transportation and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, with the assistance of staff from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, are preparing regulatory guidance for LSA material and SCO transport. The guidance will present examples of acceptable methods for demonstrating compliance with the revised rules. Ideas being investigated for inclusion in the pending guidance are discussed in this paper. Under current plans, the guidance will be issued for public comment prior to final issuance of the guidance in 1997

The prisoner's right to vote and civic responsibility: Reaffirming the social contract?

Copyright © 2009 NAPOThis article considers the issue of the prisoner’s right to vote in the light of recent developments in law and policy. It critically reviews the purported justifications for disenfranchisement and argues that re-enfranchisement should be pursued on the grounds of both principle and policy

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade do rendimento de grãos de genótipos de feijão Grain yield adaptation and stability of bean genotypes

Efetuaram-se análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade do rendimento de grãos de onze genótipos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) de ensaios conduzidos em 23 municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, de 1988/89 a 1993/94, compreendendo 72 ambientes, visando identificar genótipos mais adequados para cultivo no Estado e utilização em programas de melhoramento. Foram avaliados os genótipos Rio Tibagi, Guateian 6662, EMPASC 201, FT 120, Macanudo, Pampa, Minuano, Macotaço, CNF 5491, Carioca e Iraí. Utilizou-se o método de regressão linear segmentada com estimação da junção dos segmentos. A ausência de alterações significativas das taxas de respostas lineares individuais dos genótipos indicou o método de regressão linear simples como mais apropriado. Os genótipos apresentaram desvios de regressão significativos, caracterizando instabilidade fenotípica. Iraí mostrou instabilidade superior às dos demais. Os genótipos diferiram quanto à produtividade média e à taxa de resposta, classificando-se como: Minuano, Macotaço, CNF 5491 e Macanudo, adaptabilidade geral; Rio Tibagi, Pampa e Iraí, pobremente adaptados a todos ambientes; Guateian 6662 e EMPASC201, adaptação específica a ambientes pobres e FT 120 e Carioca, adaptação média a todos ambientes. Destacaram-se Minuano, Macotaço, CNF 5491 e Macanudo, como mais produtivos e melhor adaptados aos ambientes considerados. Esses genótipos, aparentados, apresentaram adaptabilidade semelhante entre si e diferente dos demais e estabilidade não diferenciada em relação a alguns.<br>Adaptation and stability analysis of grain yield of eleven bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) genotypes were performed using data collected from trials carried out in 23 locations of Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil), from 1988/89 to 1993/94, comprising 72 environments. The objective was to identify the best genotypes for cultivation throughout the state as well as for breeding purposes. Genotypes, were Rio Tibagi, Guateian 6662, EMPASC201, FT 120, Macanudo, Pampa, Minuano, Macotaço, CNF 5491, Carioca and Iraí. Segmented regression method with estimated join point was used. Absence of significant alteration of the genotype individual linear response rates indicated the linear regression method as appropriate for this study. All genotypes presented significant regression deviation, characterizing phenotypic instability. Genotypes differed in regard to average yield and response rate, being classified as: Minuano, Macotaço, CNF 5491 and Macanudo of general adaptation; Rio Tibagi, Pampa and Iraí of poor adaptation to all environments; Guateian 6662 and EMPASC201 of specific adaptation to poor environments; genotypes FT 120 and Carioca of average adaptation to all environments. These results pointed out Minuano, Macotaço, CNF 5491 and Macanudo as the most productive and best adapted to the considered environments. These genetically related genotypes displayed similar adaptability among themselves and different from the others as well as no differential stability from some of them