Para além da ordem: o cotidiano prisional da Bahia oitocentista a partir da correspondência de presos Beyond order: daily prison life in Nineteenth-Century Bahia according to prisoners' correspondence

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a comunidade prisional na Bahia Oitocentista, a partir das correspondências de presos. Faço uma análise dessa documentação buscando reconstruir parte do cotidiano dos presos, pressupondo a existência de uma ordem paralela, com igual ou maior força do que a oficial, mas que não anulava a arbitrariedade e a violência desta última. Entretanto, essa ordem paralela podia ser rompida, a qualquer momento, seja por confrontos diretos entre os próprios presos ou entre os presos e os funcionários da prisão. Dentre os tipos de protesto, a escrita foi um dos mais utilizados pelos presos e, dependendo da estratégia sugerida nas cartas, era possível conquistar espaços sem romper com a ordem prisional. O recurso à escrita foi utilizado por presos, letrados ou não, de diferentes condições jurídicas - escravos, libertos e livres -, independentemente do tipo de pena que estivessem cumprindo.<br>The aim of this article is to discuss the prison community in Bahia during the 19th century, using the correspondence written by prisoners. I analyze this documentation in an attempt to reconstruct the daily life of the prisoners, presupposing the existence of a parallel order equal to or more powerful than the official prison order, but that did not end the arbitrariness and the violence of the latter. This parallel order could be broken any moment, whether because of direct confrontation among the prisoners themselves, or due to confrontation between prisoners and prison staff. Among different types of protest, writing was widely used by prisoners and, depending on the strategy suggested in the letters, it was possible to obtain gains without breaking the prison order. Written appeals were used by prisoners, educated or not, of different legal conditions, slaves, freed and free, independent of the type of sentence they were serving

Preclinical characterization of an intravenous coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitor for the potential treatment of COVID19

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global pandemic. 3CL protease is a virally encoded protein that is essential across a broad spectrum of coronaviruses with no close human analogs. PF-00835231, a 3CL protease inhibitor, has exhibited potent in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 as a single agent. Here we report, the design and characterization of a phosphate prodrug PF-07304814 to enable the delivery and projected sustained systemic exposure in human of PF-00835231 to inhibit coronavirus family 3CL protease activity with selectivity over human host protease targets. Furthermore, we show that PF-00835231 has additive/synergistic activity in combination with remdesivir. We present the ADME, safety, in vitro, and in vivo antiviral activity data that supports the clinical evaluation of PF-07304814 as a potential COVID-19 treatment. © 2021, The Author(s).Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Separate and unequal: Prison versus free-world medical care*

Rusche and Kirchheimer argued that attempts at penal reform are limited by a principle of less eligibility, by which the regimen of punishment is made harsher than the conditions of life among the least well-off members of the working classes. In addition, Black posited that the benefits of law are inversely related to stratification and morphology; that is, inmates would be entitled to fewer benefits in law than would free-world citizens. Today the penal harm movement strives to make prison life harder, asserting that comfortable prison conditions are responsible for high crime rates. Critics frequently blame judicial intervention in prison operations for upsetting the careful calibration necessary to deter crime. In this article we examine these assertions by focusing on medical care litigation. Comparing the legal rales and precedents used to hold prison physicians liable for inadequate medical care under 42 U.S.C., Section 1983 with the standards customarily employed by courts in evaluating medical malpractice in the free world, we conclude that judicial decisions in this vital area conform to what would be expected, given the operation of the principle of less eligibility and Black’s “differentiation of law” thesis. © 1998 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences