Some features of cultivating different Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. forms in vitro

Received: June 9th, 2021 ; Accepted: November 8th, 2021 ; Published: November 15th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] angustifolium (L.) Scop. characterized by a wide range of economically useful properties. White-flowered form of Ch. angustifolium (L.) Scop. Is extremely rare in nature. At the same time, it is promising as a source of biologically active substances and as a highly decorative plant. The optimal way to reproduce this form is clonal micropropagation. Methods for obtaining Ch. angustifolium in vitro were developed, as well as the optimal selection timing of starting material for micropropagation was determined. In addition, the effect of a mineral composition of nutrient medium and plant growth regulators on the regeneration of microshoots was studied. The highest values of morphometric parameters were achieved on MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 BAP. The multiplication factor of the lilac–flowered form was 8.4 ± 0.2, of the white-flowered form - 9.2 ± 0.6. Comparative analysis of morphometric parameters during cultivation of Ch. angustifolium showed no significant difference between the lilac-flowered and white-flowered forms. The effect of antioxidants on the growth and development of regenerants has been shown. The most optimal nutrient medium for clonal micropropagation of the lilac-flowered form was MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) containing 0.5 mg L-1 of BAP, 50 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid and 50 mg L-1 of citric acids and for micropropagation of the white–flowered form it was the medium, containing 100 mg L-1 PVP

Assessment of essential oil yield in three mint species in the climatic conditions of Central Russia

Received: March 23rd, 2021 ; Accepted: June 9th, 2021 ; Published: June 30th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] aim of the study was to study the harvest time for the essential oil yield and its qualitative composition in three species of mint Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint), M. spicata L. (Spearmint) and M. arvensis var. piperascens Malinv. ex. Holmes (Sakhalinmint). In 2018, the research was performed with plants of second year of vegetation in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Immunity of the NV Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the RAS. As a result, it was found that the optimal harvest period for Sakhalinmint and Peppermint should be recommended in a phase of mass flowering: the yield of fresh raw materials was 509–479 g m-2 , air-dry raw materials - 110–107 g m-2 ; the content of essential oil in the aboveground part (a mixture of leaves and inflorescences) of plants - 3.24–4.01%; the proportion of the main component of essential oil (menthol) - 57.3–50.2%. In Spearmint, the optimum time for harvesting is the phase of budding. The content of the main component of essential oil (carvon) was maximum - 67.9%, and the yield of essential oil was 2.6%, while the yield was 381 g m-2 of fresh raw materials (81.9 g m-2 of air-dry raw materials) at harvesting in this ontogenesis stage. Analysis of the secretory apparatus parameters on a surface of some green tissues in three mint species showed that the maximum density of secretory glands on both sides of the leaf is characteristic of peppermint, which provides a higher yield of essential oil in this type of mint. The study allowed determining the optimal harvesting time for highly productive mint species when they are grown in the conditions of Central Russia. The raw materials of these mint species can be used for the production of essential oils and are of interest for pharmacology and the perfume and cosmetics industry

НОВЫЕ ВАРИАНТЫ ГЕНОМА РОССИЙСКИХ ДЕТЕЙ С ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИ ОБУСЛОВЛЕННЫМИ КАРДИОМИОПАТИЯМИ, ВЫЯВЛЕННЫЕ МЕТОДОМ МАССОВОГО ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНОГО СЕКВЕНИРОВАНИЯ

Background: Cardiomyopathies in children are serious, continuously progressing myocardium diseases which are characterized by a variety of the causes, symptoms, implications, and high lethality. More than 400 genes that can cause hereditary heart and vessels diseases are described in scientific literature. The application of a high-performance method of massive parallel sequencing allows to conduct the investigation of genome extended targeted areas revealing the variants and analyzing them (bioinformatics) for pathogenicity.Aims: Identification of a genetic etiology of hereditary cardiomyopathies development in children’s population of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods: The research included 103 patients with various phenotypes of cardiomyopathies aged from 3 months up to 17 years 9 months who at the moment of examination were observed in the cardiology department and the department of recovery treatment with cardiovascular diseases in the NMRCCH. All patients were performed massive parallel sequencing analyzing the targeted areas of 404 genes which mutations lead to the development of heart and vessels hereditary diseases.Results: The diagnostic algorithm based on the method of a massive parallel sequencing was developed. 176 258 minor options were identified in the explored target areas of genome of 103 patients. An average number of the revealed nucleotide replacements different from the reference sequence was 1711. We observed that about 40% of all variants founded by our means were found in MYH7, MYBPC3, TTN, MYH6, SCN5A, DSC2 and TPM1 genes. Bioinformatics analysis allowed revealing 68 novel genome variants associated with cardiomyopathy development. The reliable association of carriage of pathogenic option in MYBPC3 gene with development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Russian children was found.Conclusions: The application of the offered algorithm allowed establishing laboratory diagnoses to 99 (96.1%) patients out from 103 investigated subjects including the syndromal and non-syndromal forms of heart and vessels hereditary diseases which showed a cardiomyopathy phenotype.Обоснование. Кардиомиопатии у детей относятся к тяжелым, непрерывно прогрессирующим заболеваниям миокарда, характеризующимся разнообразием причин, симптомов и проявлений, высокой летальностью. В мировой литературе описано более 400 генов, мутации которых приводят к развитию генетически обусловленных болезней сердца и сосудов. Применение высокопроизводительного метода массового параллельного секвенирования позволяет проводить исследование протяженных таргетных областей генома для обнаружения вариантов и их дальнейшего биоинформатического анализа на предмет патогенности.Цель исследования — выявление генетической этиологии развития наследственных кардиомиопатий среди детского населения России.Методы. В исследование были включены 103 пациента с различными фенотипами кардиомиопатий в возрасте от 3 мес до 17 лет 9 мес на момент обследования, наблюдавшиеся в кардиологическом отделении и отделении восстановительного лечения детей с болезнями сердечно-сосудистой системы ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей». Всем пациентам методом массового параллельного секвенирования проведен анализ таргетных областей 404 генов, мутации в которых приводят к развитию наследственных болезней сердца и сосудов.Результаты. Разработан диагностический алгоритм на основе метода массового параллельного секвенирования. Идентифицировано 176 258 минорных вариантов у 103 пациентов в исследуемых целевых регионах генома. В среднем у каждого пациента выявлено 1711 нуклеотидных замен, отличающихся от референсной последовательности. Установлено, что около 40% обнаруженных нами вариантов приходится на гены MYH7, MYBPC3, TTN, MYH6, SCN5A, DSC2 и TPM1. Биоинформатический анализ позволил выявить 68 новых вариантов генома, ассоциированных с развитием кардиомиопатий. Обнаружена достоверная ассоциация носительства патогенного варианта гена MYBPC3 с развитием гипертрофической кардиомиопатии у российских детей — OR 3,17 (1,36–11,72; p=0,009).Заключение. Применение предложенного алгоритма позволило установить лабораторные диагнозы 99 (96,1%) пациентам из 103 обследованных, в том числе с синдромальными и несиндромальными формами наследственных болезней сердца и сосудов, проявляющимися фенотипом кардиомиопатии

ОСТЕОПОРОЗ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ, МЕДИКО-СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОБЛЕМЫ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

The authors performed an analysis of published stadies devoted to osteoporosis situation in Russian Federation including epidemiological, social, medical and economical aspects of this pathology. The analysis demonstrated that osteoporosis is reported in every third woman and every forth man of 50 years old and older. Seven vertebra fractures happen every minute and one fracture of proximal femur — every 5 minutes in Russia. An overall number of all key osteoporotic fractures will increase from 590 thousand up to 730 thousand cases by the year 2035. Osteoporosis is financially demanding for healthcare due to high treatment cost of fractures that are accompanied by life quality deterioration, high mortality and invalidization of patients. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that due to high fracture risk the osteoporosis therapy should be assigned to 31% of female and 4% of male patients over 50 years old. Such factors of osteoporosis risks are widespread in the society: smoking, low food calcium consumption, vitamin D deficit, low physical activity. The authors analyzed the problems in organization of medical care to patients with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures and possible solutions to existing issues. The organization of healthcare should be addressed at identification of high risk patient groups, early diagnosis and assignment of corresponding treatment aimed at decreasing potential fracture risk as well as at pathology prophylaxis.Проведен анализ литературы, посвященной проблеме остеопороза в России, включающей эпидемиологические, социальные, медицинские и экономические аспекты заболевания. Анализ показал, что остеопороз регистрируется у каждой третьей женщины и каждого четвертого мужчины в возрасте 50 лет и старше. Каждую минуту в стране происходит 7 переломов позвонков, а каждые 5 минут — перелом проксимального отдела бедренной кости. К 2035 г. общее число основных остеопорозных переломов увеличится с 590 тыс. до 730 тыс. случаев в год. Остеопороз затратен для здравоохранения из-за высокой стоимости лечения переломов, которые также сопровождаются существенным снижением качества жизни, инвалидизацией пациентов и летальностью. Эпидемиологические исследования показали, что в связи с высоким риском переломов в назначении терапии остеопороза нуждаются 31% женщин и 4% мужчин старше 50 лет. В обществе широко распространены факторы риска остеопороза: курение, низкое потребление кальция с продуктами питания, дефицит витамина D, слабая физическая активность. Проанализированы проблемы в организации помощи пациентам с остеопорозом и остеопорозными переломами и пути их решения. Организация медицинской помощи должна заключаться в выявлении групп высокого риска переломов, ранней диагностике и назначении соответствующего лечения, направленного на предотвращение будущих переломов и профилактику заболевания

Long-Term Development and Health of Children Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technologies [Отдаленное развитие и здоровье детей, зачатых с помощью вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий]

The demographic situation in Russia requires escalation of measures to combat infertility including assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The analysis of correlations between ART and features of health and long-term development of “children from the tube” is presented. There is a high risk of dysontogeny after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection due to epigenetic disorders such as DNA methylation disorders. Living conditions, parenting, education, and health care are crucial for the healthy development of all children including those conceived by ART. The correlations between long-term cognitive development of “children from the tube” and the aspects of parenting in families are presented. © 2022 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved