12 research outputs found
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Experimental determination of DT ion temperatures in laser fusion targets
Using the time-of-flight technique, energy distribution measurements were made of the fusion produced particles emitted from laser implosions of DT gas contained in glass microshells. The number of nuclear reactions was determined by an absolute measurement of both the number of particles and the number of neutrons. From the FWHM of the particle energy distributions, upper limits of the plasmas ion temperature have been inferred. By applying corrections for the broadening of the distribution due to the fuel and the pusher, ion temperatures of 2-3 keV have been calculated. These measurements constitute significant evidence that the implosions produced thermonuclear burn of the DT fuel. (auth
Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations
Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022.Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended genome-wide association meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3255 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12 488 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a ∼0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism that creates two highly differentiated haplotypes and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative including non-Caucasian individuals, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung.Peer reviewe
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Performance of Argus as a laser fusion facility
During the fifteen months that the Argus laser facility has been operating we have had two primary goals. These are: (1) to provide focusable, well characterized, high power beams for laser fusion experiments and (2) to further understand the propagation of high power and energy pulses. The propagation experiments have already led to increases in the laser output power and system reliability. Pulses appropriate for advanced targets are shaped to optimize the compression and heating of the target. In general they stress the laser in both limits of energy and power. In this work several results significant to the laser fusion program were realized. The neutron output of fusion targets increased by almost two orders of magnitude to more than 10/sup 9/ neutron/shot. An improved beam propagation technique (image relaying) was developed and partially implemented. It increased the focusable output power for short pulses (30-100 ps) to more than 4.0 TW. More than one kilojoule/beam was extracted from the laser in a high quality beam in a one nanosecond Gaussian pulse. A complex two step optical pulse was generated and successfully amplified to peak powers of more than 3.0 TW. The most recent of the system upgrades are complete image relaying and improved ''C'' laser disk edge coatings which are presently being implemented. These changes will further improve laser and target performance
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Pinhole imaging of laser-produced thermonuclear alpha particles
Results of pinhole images of thermonuclear alpha particles generated by exploding pusher targets in the Argus laser facility are reviewed. Recorded images indicate that the reactions occur within a 25 to 30 micron region with twelve micron resolution for ten micron pinholes and thirty micron resolution for twenty-five micron pinholes. These results are in good agreement with LASNEX computer predictions and are confirmed by Zone Plate imaging of the burn conducted by Natale M. Ceglio at LLL. Planned three-dimensional imaging of the burning D-T gas in the Shiva laser facility using seven micron pinholes is discussed. Higher yields (approximately 5 x 10/sup 10/ reactions) and three orthogonal images of the burn will provide a data base for analysis using an Algebraic Reconstruction Technique to provide a higher resolution (9 micron), three-dimensional view of the burn
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Use of x-ray imaging on laser fusion experiments
A variety of x-ray imaging techniques have been used to study the absorption, transport and implosion characteristics of exploding pusher microsphere targets irradiated with 1.06 ..mu..m light. Multichannel grazing incidence reflection microscopy, zone plate coded imaging and spatially resolved x-ray spectroscopy have observed the thermal and suprathermal x-ray emission associated with these phenomena. A second generation of x-ray imaging devices, designed for forthcoming high density implosion experiments, including axisymmetric x-ray microscopes and 1- and 2-D crystal line imaging devices, will also be briefly discussed