Case Law Analysis Regarding High School and Collegiate Liability for Hazing

Hazing has long been a part of group initiation practices within schools, fraternal organizations and sport teams. Recent increases in reported incidents demonstrate that hazing is both prevalent and dangerous within high schools, colleges and universities world-wide. Sport has historically been used to foster a multitude of positive benefits, including teamwork, fair play and physical fitness. Unfortunately, hazing within sport is commonplace and represents a substantial source of liability. The purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of US published case law involving liability for hazing at the high school and collegiate levels in order to develop recommendations for educators and sport managers aimed at reducing hazing and limiting liability

Theia: an advanced optical neutrino detector

© 2020, The Author(s). New developments in liquid scintillators, high-efficiency, fast photon detectors, and chromatic photon sorting have opened up the possibility for building a large-scale detector that can discriminate between Cherenkov and scintillation signals. Such a detector could reconstruct particle direction and species using Cherenkov light while also having the excellent energy resolution and low threshold of a scintillator detector. Situated deep underground, and utilizing new techniques in computing and reconstruction, this detector could achieve unprecedented levels of background rejection, enabling a rich physics program spanning topics in nuclear, high-energy, and astrophysics, and across a dynamic range from hundreds of keV to many GeV. The scientific program would include observations of low- and high-energy solar neutrinos, determination of neutrino mass ordering and measurement of the neutrino CP-violating phase δ, observations of diffuse supernova neutrinos and neutrinos from a supernova burst, sensitive searches for nucleon decay and, ultimately, a search for neutrinoless double beta decay, with sensitivity reaching the normal ordering regime of neutrino mass phase space. This paper describes Theia, a detector design that incorporates these new technologies in a practical and affordable way to accomplish the science goals described above11sci