1,757 research outputs found
In vitro glucuronidation of kaempferol and quercetin by human UGT-1A9 microsomes
AbstractFlavonoids are important polyphenolic substances with widespread occurrence in plants and therefore in the human diet. Although considerable work has been done on the pharmacology of flavonoids, the understanding of their metabolism is still incomplete. In this work, the in vitro glucuronidation of the common dietary flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase microsomes (UGT-1A9) was investigated using HPLC and LCâMS. The two flavonoids were extensively metabolised by this enzyme with four monoglucuronides of quercetin and two of kaempferol being detected after incubation. The presence of a quercetin monoglucuronide in the urine of a volunteer after consumption of Ginkgo biloba tablets was demonstrated
The Energy Density of "Wound" Fields in a Toroidal Universe
The observational limits on the present energy density of the Universe allow
for a component that redshifts like and can contribute significantly to
the total. We show that a possible origin for such a contribution is that the
universe has a toroidal topology with "wound" scalar fields around its cycles.Comment: 11 pages, 1figur
A new species of Djalmabatista Fittkau (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil
Scalar perturbation spectra from warm inflation
We present a numerical integration of the cosmological scalar perturbation
equations in warm inflation. The initial conditions are provided by a
discussion of the thermal fluctuations of an inflaton field and thermal
radiation using a combination of thermal field theory and thermodynamics. The
perturbation equations include the effects of a damping coefficient
and a thermodynamic potential . We give an analytic expression for the
spectral index of scalar fluctuations in terms of a new slow-roll parameter
constructed from . A series of toy models, inspired by spontaneous
symmetry breaking and a known form of the damping coefficient, lead to a
spectrum with on large scales and on small scales.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX 4, revised with extra figure
Density-functional calculation of ionization energies of current-carrying atomic states
Current-density-functional theory is used to calculate ionization energies of
current-carrying atomic states. A perturbative approximation to full
current-density-functional theory is implemented for the first time, and found
to be numerically feasible. Different parametrizations for the
current-dependence of the density functional are critically compared. Orbital
currents in open-shell atoms turn out to produce a small shift in the
ionization energies. We find that modern density functionals have reached an
accuracy at which small current-related terms appearing in open-shell
configurations are not negligible anymore compared to the remaining difference
to experiment.Comment: 7 pages, 2 tables, accepted by Phys. Rev.
Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi model and accelerating expansion
I discuss the spherically symmetric but inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman- Bondi
(LTB) metric, which provides an exact toy model for an inhomogeneous universe.
Since we observe light rays from the past light cone, not the expansion of the
universe, spatial variation in matter density and Hubble rate can have the same
effect on redshift as acceleration in a perfectly homogeneous universe. As a
consequence, a simple spatial variation in the Hubble rate can account for the
distant supernova data in a dust universe without any dark energy. I also
review various attempts towards a semirealistic description of the universe
based on the LTB model.Comment: Invited Review for a special Gen. Rel. Grav. issue on Dark Energy. 17
pages, 3 figure
The effect of bone choice on quantification of mineralization in broiler chickens up to 6 weeks of age
An experiment was conducted to assess the most appropriate bone type for measuring bone mineralization in male broiler chicks up to 42 d. A total of 72 male broilers were raised in 0.64 m2 pens on a litter floor. The study design included 2 dietary treatments (Control and Low) containing differing levels of total phosphorus (7.8 and 4.4 g/kg for Control and Low diets respectively) and calcium (22.7 and 13.1 g/kg for Control and Low diets respectively) with each fed to 6 replicate pens of 6 birds. Each wk, 6 birds per diet were euthanized and leg bones removed to measure ash percentage. Foot, toe, tibia, and femur ash were compared using the mean of both legs from each bird, via t-tests to separate Control and Low diets. At the end of wk 1, diets could not be separated using any of the bone ash measures. From wk 2 to wk 5, both tibia and foot ash differentiated between the Control and Low diets, and tibia continued to show significant differences between the diets into wk 6. Femur ash did not show any dietary differences until wk 3, but then showed significant differences between the diets until wk 6. Toe ash only differentiated between diets at wk 2, and variation both within and between birds was high, particularly with younger birds. These results suggest that bird age has implications when choosing a bone for assessing possible differences in dietary phosphorus and calcium uptake. Femur ash may be more appropriate for showing differences in broilers aged 6 wk and older. Foot ash provides a comparable alternative to tibia ash in birds aged 2 to 5 wk of age, providing a labor- and time-saving alternative
Bianchi type I space and the stability of inflationary Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space
Stability analysis of the Bianchi type I universe in pure gravity theory is
studied in details. We first derive the non-redundant field equation of the
system by introducing the generalized Bianchi type I metric. This non-redundant
equation reduces to the Friedmann equation in the isotropic limit. It is shown
further that any unstable mode of the isotropic perturbation with respect to a
de Sitter background is also unstable with respect to anisotropic
perturbations. Implications to the choice of physical theories are discussed in
details in this paper.Comment: 5 pages, some comment adde
Chemical similarity among domesticated and wild genotypes of peanut based on n-alkanes profiles
Observational Constraints on Chaplygin Quartessence: Background Results
We derive the constraints set by several experiments on the quartessence
Chaplygin model (QCM). In this scenario, a single fluid component drives the
Universe from a nonrelativistic matter-dominated phase to an accelerated
expansion phase behaving, first, like dark matter and in a more recent epoch
like dark energy. We consider current data from SNIa experiments, statistics of
gravitational lensing, FR IIb radio galaxies, and x-ray gas mass fraction in
galaxy clusters. We investigate the constraints from this data set on flat
Chaplygin quartessence cosmologies. The observables considered here are
dependent essentially on the background geometry, and not on the specific form
of the QCM fluctuations. We obtain the confidence region on the two parameters
of the model from a combined analysis of all the above tests. We find that the
best-fit occurs close to the CDM limit (). The standard
Chaplygin quartessence () is also allowed by the data, but only at
the level.Comment: Replaced to match the published version, references update
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