Global data set of long-term summertime vertical temperature profiles in 153 lakes

peer reviewedClimate change and other anthropogenic stressors have led to long-term changes in the thermal structure, including surface temperatures, deepwater temperatures, and vertical thermal gradients, in many lakes around the world. Though many studies highlight warming of surface water temperatures in lakes worldwide, less is known about long-term trends in full vertical thermal structure and deepwater temperatures, which have been changing less consistently in both direction and magnitude. Here, we present a globally-expansive data set of summertime in-situ vertical temperature profiles from 153 lakes, with one time series beginning as early as 1894. We also compiled lake geographic, morphometric, and water quality variables that can influence vertical thermal structure through a variety of potential mechanisms in these lakes. These long-term time series of vertical temperature profiles and corresponding lake characteristics serve as valuable data to help understand changes and drivers of lake thermal structure in a time of rapid global and ecological change. © 2021, The Author(s)

Opposing actions of angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin II in the brain of transgenic hypertensive rats

Lack of specific antagonists to the amino-terminal heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] prompted us to evaluate the central effects of delivering a specific affinity-purified Ang-(1-7) antibody on the blood pressure and heart rate of 12-week-old conscious homozygous female rats (n = 12) expressing the mouse submandibular Ren-2d gene [(mRen-2d)27] in their genome. Another group of transgenic hypertensive and strain-matched Sprague-Dawley controls were injected with a specific Ang II monoclonal antibody (KAA8). Cerebroventricular administration of the affinity-purified Ang-(1-7) antibody in conscious transgenic hypertensive rats caused significant dose-related elevations in blood pressure associated with tachycardia. The hypertensive response was augmented in transgenic rats studied 7 to 10 days after cessation of lisinopril therapy. Neutralization of Ang II with the Ang II antibody caused a hemodynamic response opposite to that obtained with the Ang-(1-7) antibody. All doses of the Ang II antibody produced hypotension and bradycardia. The magnitude of the depressor response was significantly augmented in transgenic rats weaned off lisinopril therapy. In contrast, central administration of either the Ang-(1-7) or Ang II antibodies had no effect on normotensive rats. Central injections of an affinity-purified IgG fraction were ineffective in both control and transgene-positive rats. These data suggest that in the brain of transgenic hypertensive rats, Ang-(1-7) opposes the action of Ang II on the central mechanism or mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of this model of hypertension

Electronic structures and mechanical properties of boron and boron-rich crystals (Part 2)

The second part of this review treats the phase diagram of boron, because of the importance of the material research. A comparison of the phase stabilities of related crystals has been made and deducing general trends among them has been attempted, from which the reader could get useful insights for future development of superhard materials. The mechanical properties of boron and boron-rich crystals are then discussed as the basis of superhard materials. This area is the primary source, from which many controversies arose regarding the strong intericosahedral bonding. Through working on many examples for deformation, consistent interpretations are given.У другій частині огляду розглянуто фазову діаграму бору. Порівняно фазову стабільність кристалів і зроблено спробу вивести загальні тенденції, які б дозволили отримати уявлення про майбутнє надтвердих матеріалів. Розглянуто механічні властивості бору і кристалів з високим вмістом бору як основи надтвердих матеріалів. Ця область є головним джерелом багатьох суперечностей стосовно сильного міжікосаедричного зв’язку. На основі вивчення багаточисельних прикладів деформації дано логічні трактовки зв’язку.Во второй части обзора рассматрена фазовая диаграмма бора. Сравнена фазовая стабильность кристаллов и сделана попытка вывести общие тенденции, которые позволили бы получить представление о будущем сверхтвердых материалов. Рассмотрены механические свойства бора и кристаллов с высоким содержанием бора как основы сверхтвердых материалов. Эта область исследований является основным источником многих разногласий относительно прочной межикосаэдрической связи. На основании изучения многочисленных примеров деформации даны логические трактовки связи