Pharmacotherapy for heartburn during pregnancy: Safety of reserve drugs

Objective. To determine how frequently physicians prescribe H2B and PPIs to pregnant women in the Russian Federation (RF). To analyze regulatory documents for the use of drugs in this group in the RF and to make a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on their safety during pregnancy. Subjects and methods. 332 therapists and 734 obstetricians/gynecologists were interrogated; the information contained in the Russian clinical guidelines, current manuals for obstetricians/gynecologists, Order No. 572н issued by the Ministry of Health of Russia, and medical use instructions were analyzed. Foreign and Russian articles published in the past decade and found in Pubmed on this topic were reviewed. Results. In heartburn, antacids, PPIs, and H2B are prescribed by 75.4, 6.7, and 6.2%, of physicians, respectively. Russian guidelines draw little attention to the safety of reserve drugs used to treat heartburn. The analysis of the instructions has shown that some manufacturers do not allow use of the drugs of this group during pregnancy. Conclusion. The results of recent trials enable one to consider H2B and PPIs to be rather safe agents during pregnancy; however, their clinical application in the RF is limited by the lack of clear clinical recommendations and inconsistency available in different manufacturers’ instructions. © Bionika Media Ltd

Pharmacotherapy for heartburn during pregnancy: Safety of reserve drugs

Objective. To determine how frequently physicians prescribe H2B and PPIs to pregnant women in the Russian Federation (RF). To analyze regulatory documents for the use of drugs in this group in the RF and to make a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on their safety during pregnancy. Subjects and methods. 332 therapists and 734 obstetricians/gynecologists were interrogated; the information contained in the Russian clinical guidelines, current manuals for obstetricians/gynecologists, Order No. 572н issued by the Ministry of Health of Russia, and medical use instructions were analyzed. Foreign and Russian articles published in the past decade and found in Pubmed on this topic were reviewed. Results. In heartburn, antacids, PPIs, and H2B are prescribed by 75.4, 6.7, and 6.2%, of physicians, respectively. Russian guidelines draw little attention to the safety of reserve drugs used to treat heartburn. The analysis of the instructions has shown that some manufacturers do not allow use of the drugs of this group during pregnancy. Conclusion. The results of recent trials enable one to consider H2B and PPIs to be rather safe agents during pregnancy; however, their clinical application in the RF is limited by the lack of clear clinical recommendations and inconsistency available in different manufacturers’ instructions. © Bionika Media Ltd

Shock wave physics and detonation physics – a stimulus for the emergence of numerous new branches in science and engineering

In the period of the Cold War (1945−1991), Shock Wave Physics and Detonation Physics (SWP&DP) – until the beginning of WWII mostly confined to gas dynamics, high-speed aerodynamics, and military technology (such as aero- and terminal ballistics, armor construction, chemical explosions, supersonic gun, and other firearms developments) – quickly developed into a large interdisciplinary field by its own. This rapid expansion was driven by an enormous financial support and two efficient feedbacks: the Terminal Ballistic Cycle and the Research & Development Cycle. Basic knowledge in SWP&DP, initially gained in the Classic Period (from 1808) and further extended in the Post-Classic Period (from the 1930s to present), is now increasingly used also in other branches of Science and Engineering (S&E). However, also independent S&E branches developed, based upon the fundamentals of SWP&DP, many of those developments will be addressed (see Tab. 2). Thus, shock wave and detonation phenomena are now studied within an enormous range of dimensions, covering microscopic, macroscopic, and cosmic dimensions as well as enormous time spans ranging from nano-/picosecond shock durations (such as produced by ultra-short laser pulses) to shock durations that continue for centuries (such as blast waves emitted from ancient supernova explosions). This paper reviews these developments from a historical perspective