13,258 research outputs found
Answer Sets for Logic Programs with Arbitrary Abstract Constraint Atoms
In this paper, we present two alternative approaches to defining answer sets
for logic programs with arbitrary types of abstract constraint atoms (c-atoms).
These approaches generalize the fixpoint-based and the level mapping based
answer set semantics of normal logic programs to the case of logic programs
with arbitrary types of c-atoms. The results are four different answer set
definitions which are equivalent when applied to normal logic programs. The
standard fixpoint-based semantics of logic programs is generalized in two
directions, called answer set by reduct and answer set by complement. These
definitions, which differ from each other in the treatment of
negation-as-failure (naf) atoms, make use of an immediate consequence operator
to perform answer set checking, whose definition relies on the notion of
conditional satisfaction of c-atoms w.r.t. a pair of interpretations. The other
two definitions, called strongly and weakly well-supported models, are
generalizations of the notion of well-supported models of normal logic programs
to the case of programs with c-atoms. As for the case of fixpoint-based
semantics, the difference between these two definitions is rooted in the
treatment of naf atoms. We prove that answer sets by reduct (resp. by
complement) are equivalent to weakly (resp. strongly) well-supported models of
a program, thus generalizing the theorem on the correspondence between stable
models and well-supported models of a normal logic program to the class of
programs with c-atoms. We show that the newly defined semantics coincide with
previously introduced semantics for logic programs with monotone c-atoms, and
they extend the original answer set semantics of normal logic programs. We also
study some properties of answer sets of programs with c-atoms, and relate our
definitions to several semantics for logic programs with aggregates presented
in the literature
Strategies for replacing saturated fat in meat products: A review
This paper aims to provide a better understanding of how to replace saturated fat in meat products due to concerns about its high amounts as health consciousness improves and consumers look for changes. In particular, we focused on various approaches and technologies to replace saturated fat in meat products. A systematic literature review was conducted using Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus based on existing papers. The use of vegetable oils in meat products, oleogel and emulsion gel technologies, as well as application of protein substitutes were reviewed. The results show that the mentioned methods are potentially effective techniques for reducing the saturated fat content of meat products. As research on new approaches to fat substitutes continues to attract interest, we would like to highlight the research needs for the development of healthy meat products in the long term.This paper aims to provide a better understanding of how to replace saturated fat in meat products due to concerns about its high amounts as health consciousness improves and consumers look for changes. In particular, we focused on various approaches and technologies to replace saturated fat in meat products. A systematic literature review was conducted using Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus based on existing papers. The use of vegetable oils in meat products, oleogel and emulsion gel technologies, as well as application of protein substitutes were reviewed. The results show that the mentioned methods are potentially effective techniques for reducing the saturated fat content of meat products. As research on new approaches to fat substitutes continues to attract interest, we would like to highlight the research needs for the development of healthy meat products in the long term
Infrared Hall conductivity of NaCoO
We report infrared Hall conductivity of
NaCoO thin films determined from Faraday rotation angle
measurements. exhibits two types of hole
conduction, Drude and incoherent carriers. The coherent Drude carrier shows a
large renormalized mass and Fermi liquid-like behavior of Hall scattering rate,
. The spectral weight is suppressed and disappears at T
= 120K. The incoherent carrier response is centered at mid-IR frequency and
shifts to lower energy with increasing T. Infrared Hall constant is positive
and almost independent of temperature in sharp contrast with the dc-Hall
constant.Comment: 5 Pages, 5 Figures. Author list corrected in metadata only, paper is
unchange
Microalgae as alternative proteins for the sustainable food industry: A review
This paper reviews the nutritional properties and consumer perceptions of microalgae foods through various recent studies on alternative protein sources. Food choices, including meat consumption, are a common concern for humanity. Thus, we focused on whether microalgae foods have a sufficient value as a protein source and what nutritional benefits they have. Based on existing papers, we conducted a systematic review using Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus to comprehensively investigate and summarize the nutritional characteristics of microalgae, sustainable diets, and awareness of microalgae as an alternative protein source. Research has shown that microalgae have been consumed by humans as a protein source since ancient times, and contain enough protein to be used as an alternative protein source. They also have many other nutritional benefits, such as vitamins. We have found that consumers are increasingly interested in alternative protein sources, and the more they learn about microalgae, the more accepting they become. These results may suggest a need for further research to improve microalgae as an alternative protein source in the long run and develop them into a variety of foods
Chiral Anomaly and Classical Negative Magnetoresistance of Weyl Metals
We consider the classical magnetoresistance of a Weyl metal in which the
electron Fermi surface possess nonzero fluxes of the Berry curvature. Such a
system may exhibit large negative magnetoresistance with unusual anisotropy as
a function of the angle between the electric and magnetic fields. In this case
the system can support a new type of plasma waves. These phenomena are
consequences of chiral anomaly in electron transport theory.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Clustering of vacancy defects in high-purity semi-insulating SiC
Positron lifetime spectroscopy was used to study native vacancy defects in
semi-insulating silicon carbide. The material is shown to contain (i) vacancy
clusters consisting of 4--5 missing atoms and (ii) Si vacancy related
negatively charged defects. The total open volume bound to the clusters
anticorrelates with the electrical resistivity both in as-grown and annealed
material. Our results suggest that Si vacancy related complexes compensate
electrically the as-grown material, but migrate to increase the size of the
clusters during annealing, leading to loss of resistivity.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Asymptotic deconfinement in high-density QCD
We discuss QCD with two light flavors at large baryon chemical potential mu.
Color superconductivity leads to partial breaking of the color SU(3) group. We
show that the infrared physics is governed by the gluodynamics of the remaining
SU(2) group with an exponentially soft confinement scale Lambda_QCD'
Delta*exp[-a*mu/(g*Delta)], where Delta<<mu is the superconducting gap, g is
the strong coupling, and a=0.81... We estimate that at moderate baryon
densities Lambda_QCD' is O(10 MeV) or smaller. The confinement radius increases
exponentially with density, leading to "asymptotic deconfinement." The velocity
of the SU(2) gluons is small due to the large dielectric constant of the
medium.Comment: 4 pages; restructured, published versio
(Non)-Renormalization of the Chiral Vortical Effect Coefficient
We show using diagramtic arguments that in some (but not all) cases, the
temperature dependent part of the chiral vortical effect coefficient is
independent of the coupling constant. An interpretation of this result in terms
of quantization in the effective 3 dimensional Chern-Simons theory is also
given. In the language of 3D dimensionally reduced theory, the value of the
chiral vortical coefficient is related to the formula . We also show that in the presence of dynamical gauge fields, the CVE
coefficient is not protected from renormalization, even in the large limit.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Version 2 corrects an error and calculates
leading radiative correctio
Spin Currents Induced by Nonuniform Rashba-Type Spin-Orbit Field
We study the spin relaxation torque in nonmagnetic or ferromagnetic metals
with nonuniform spin-orbit coupling within the Keldysh Green's function
formalism. In non-magnet, the relaxation torque is shown to arise when the
spin-orbit coupling is not uniform. In the absence of an external field, the
spin current induced by the relaxation torque is proportional to the vector
chirality of Rashba-type spin-orbit field (RSOF). In the presence of an
external field, on the other hand, spin relaxation torque arises from the
coupling of the external field and vector chirality of RSOF. Our result
indicates that spin-sink or source effects are controlled by designing RSOF in
junctions.Comment: 3 figure
Physicochemical Properties and Catalytic Behavior of the Molecular Sieve SSZ-70
SSZ-70 is synthesized using 1,3-bis(isobutyl)imidazolium, 1,3-bis(cyclohexyl)imidazolium, and 1,3-bis(cycloheptyl)imidazolium structure directing agents (SDAs), and the solids obtained are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), ^(29)Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), electron microscopy, nitrogen and hydrocarbon adsorption, and thermogravimetric analyses. The physicochemical properties of SSZ-70 show that it is a new molecular sieve that has similarities to MWW-type materials. The catalytic behavior of SSZ-70 is evaluated through the use of the constraint index (CI) test. Distinct differences in the reactivity between Al-SSZ-70 and SSZ-25 (MWW) are observed and are the consequences of the structural differences between these two molecular sieves
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