Characteristics of autonomic status and school anxiety in schoolchildren with increased body mass index

BACKGROUND: In the Russian Federation, the incidence of obesity continues to grow among the child population. Vegetative imbalance and chronic stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and related health disorders. Timely identification of disorders of psycho-vegetative disorders and their correction in overweight children require an integrated approach of medical and pedagogical workers.AIM: To reveal the features of the vegetative status, the level of school anxiety in students with an increased body mass index.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children with different body mass index (BMI) underwent a comparative analysis of the mean values and structure of revealed violations of cardiointervalography (heart rate variability, HRV) parameters, laboratory test parameters (plasma antioxidant activity, plasma malondialdehyde, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cortisol, magnesium and serotonin) and test parameters School Anxiety Scale of Phillips.RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 23.1%. The observation group consisted of 47 schoolchildren with a body mass index (BMI) +1–2 SD the comparison group consisted of 156 children with a normal BMI at the age of 10–15 years. The groups were comparable in terms of sex and age (p=0.629–0.771). Analysis of background HVR indices revealed a decrease in the values of parameters characterizing the activity of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), with a simultaneous increase in the indicators of the sympathetic division of the ANS in the observation group relative to the comparison group (p=0.001–0.023); similar results were obtained during the orthostatic test. The cumulative assessment of CIG indicates a lower activity of the parasympathetic division in the regulation of the state of rest and a greater activity of the sympathetic division of the ANS in response to a stress factor in children with an increased BMI value. The children of the observation group showed higher levels of malondialdehyde (p = 0.041), triglycerides (p<0.001) and cortisol (p=0.093) with lower values of magnesium and serotonin (p=0.074–0.076). The analysis of the level of school anxiety showed that in children of the observation group the average level and frequency of the prevalence of high values of the indicator of general anxiety are higher in 1.3 and 2.5 (p=0.005), fear of self-expression — in 1.3 and 1.8 (p=0.080–0.086), fear of the situation of knowledge testing — by 1.5 (р=0.002) and 2.1 (p<0.001), the level of general anxiety — by 1.2 (р=0.090) and 2.3 times (p=0.036) relative to the comparison group. In the course of the mathematical analysis, the results were obtained indicating the relationship between the parameters of the vegetative and psychological status.CONCLUSION: The problem of excess nutrition remains an urgent issue of modern health care. Excess body weight is accompanied by the activation of the sympathoadrenal system with an increase in the level of school anxiety and all together forms a vicious circle. Excessive nutrition in school-age children requires an integrated approach of specialists in the medical and psychological-pedagogical sphere

Pathological damage of thyroidopathy and the prevalence of thyroid diseases in children of the Perm region

Relevance. Thyroid diseases in children and adolescents rank first in the structure of endocrine pathology. An issue related to comparability of data on prevalence obtained with different procedures is vital given the necessity to intensify activities aimed at optimizing prevention of thyroid pathology.The aim. Comparative analysis of pathological lesions of thyropathies and the prevalence of thyroid gland diseases in children and adolescents living in the territory of the Perm region.Materials and methods. Prevalence of thyroid diseases was analyzed based on data taken from Statistic Form No. 12. Pathological damage caused by thyroid diseases was calculated based on results produced by medical examinations that included laboratory tests, ultrasound scanning of the thyroid gland, and a check-up by an endocrinologist. Calculation results were then compared with data taken from statistic reports. Influence exerted by sex and age on the growth in thyrotrophic hormone contents and thyroid gland volume was assessed by analyzing values in one-factor logistic regression models.Results. Prevalence of thyroid diseases, endemic goiter and subclinical hypothyroidism tends to decrease among children living in Perm region (р = 0.003–0.015) but prevalence of thyroiditis remains stable (р = 0.794). Having assessed prevalence among teenagers, we did not reveal any dynamics in prevalence of thyroid diseases and thyroiditis (р = 0.129–0.248); prevalence of endemic goiter went down in this age group (р = 0.008) whereas prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism grew due to iodine deficiency (р = 0.012). The difference between pathological damage and prevalence of thyroid diseases reached 4.8–38.6 times. Having analyzed created logistic models, we were not able to identify sex or age as predictors of thyroid pathology occurrence.Conclusion. Prevalence of thyroid pathology was established to be by 4.8–38.6 times lower than pathological damage. Iodine deficiency on a given territory calls for developing regional medical and prevention programs aimed at diagnosing and preventing thyroid diseases caused by it

Features of physical activity and school anxiety in pupils of the secondary general education school and the cadet corps

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the high significance of school anxiety in the formation of psychosomatic diseases and nervous disorders. Identification of risk factors for increased anxiety, one of which is low physical activity, is important for the timely organizing of preventive measures.The aim: to assess the characteristics of physical activity and school anxiety among schoolboys of secondary school and the cadet corps.Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 47 schoolboys studying in a secondary general school at the age of 13–16; the comparison group consisted of 140 schoolboys of the cadet corps. The comparative assessment of physical activity bases on the analysis of the physical education implementation in educational organizations and the results of a survey according to the author’s questionnaire. A comparison was made of the parameters of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) of body composition, the content of cortisol and serotonin in the blood serum, and indicators of the Phillips school anxiety test.The results. Physical activity in the school system was limited to 3 hours per week, and in the additional education system there are only 14.9 % of schoolboys who devote 6–8 hours a week to sports, which is 3 times less than in the comparison group (46.4 %). Lower values of indicators of physical activity and body composition were found in secondary school boys relative to those in cadet corps (p = 0.015–0.038). The level of cortisol in the blood serum was 1.4 times higher, and the serotonin was 1.2 times less in schoolboys of the schools comparatively to cadets (p = 0.001–0.037). In secondary school schoolboys, relative to cadets, significantly 1.9–3.9 times more often increased values were recorded for the factor general anxiety at school, frustration of the need to achieve success, fear of self-expression, fear of the situation of testing knowledge, fear of not meeting the expectations of others, problems and fears in relations with teachers and general anxiety oppositely directed correlations of weak and moderate strength were established between the frequency and duration of physical education, BIA parameters, cortisol in the blood serum and factors of school anxiety.Conclusion. The values of the factors of school anxiety schoolboys of secondary general school are higher than in boys of the cadet corps and possibly they are associated with irregularity, relatively low duration of physical activity and the degree of development of metabolically active tissues

Role and Place of PET/CT in the Assessment of Skin Melanoma Prevalence

Skin melanoma is potentially the most dangerous form among all tumor skin lesions. According to statistics, melanoma accounts for about 90% of deaths. The cause of high mortality of patients is early metastasis. At the same time, melanoma metastases can be localized in almost all organs and tissues. In addition to local and regional metastasis to the skin, subcutaneous tissue and lymph nodes, metastatic melanoma of distant organs is not uncommon, and this dramatically worsens the prognosis of the disease. High-quality instrumental diagnostics at various stages of patient management (from primary diagnosis to treatment control) allow to reduce mortality and increase the overall survival of patients. Positron emission tomography in combination with computed tomography (PET/CT) has been used in the last decade as a dominant imaging method for initial staging, control of treatment and detection of progression or recurrence of various types of cancer, including melanoma. It is of great practical importance for predicting survival outcomes, assessing the risk of disease progression, as well as the effectiveness of radiation and systemic therapy. It is PET/CT that allows to simultaneously evaluate the condition of all organs and tissues with minimal radiation load being more sensitive and specific imaging method in comparison with ultrasound, CT and magnetic resonance imaging. PET/CT with <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose is the most effective method for early detection of asymptomatic melanoma recurrence. In addition to accurate setting the tumor process stage, this method is crucial to ensure adequate and effective treatment, which in turn will increase the life expectancy of this category of patients in the near future

Improvement of energy efficiency of ore-thermal furnaces in smelting of alumosilicic raw materials

The issues of energy saving in pyrometallurgical production during processing of mineral raw materials in ore-thermal furnaces are particularly important for the development of new energy-efficient technologies. The reduction of the specific power consumption during melting at different stages of heating and melting of charge materials when modeling is related to obtaining kinetic curves in the process of kyanite concentrate regeneration in polythermal conditions. Based on practical data of carbo-thermal reduction the mathematical modeling of reduction processes from alumosilicic raw materials – kyanite was carried out. In this work, the nonisothermal method based on a constant rate of charge heating (i.e. a linear dependence between time and temperature) was used for the reduction of kyanite charge, which saves electrical energy. The experiments were carried out on a high-temperature unit with a heater placed in a carbon-graphite crucible. Based on the obtained kinetic dependences of nonisothermal heating of enriched kyanite concentrates in plasma heating conditions we obtained a number of kinetic anamorphoses of the linear form which point to the possibility of describing the reaction rate using the modified Kolmogorov – Erofeev equation for given heating conditions and within a narrow temperature range. The complex of mathematical modeling makes it possible to create a control algorithm of technological process of reduction of kyanite concentrate to a metallized state within the specified temperature range for the full flow of reaction exchange and to reduce the specific power consumption by 15-20 %. With the help of the received kinetic dependences, taking into account the thermodynamics of processes and current state of the art it is possible to create a universal thermal unit for the optimal carbothermal reduction of charge to a metallized state (alloy) with minimum power inputs compared to existing technologies

Study of the kinetics of the process of producing pellets from red mud in a hydrogen flow

The reduction kinetics of serial phase transitions of iron oxides during reduction to a metallized state with different modes of technical hydrogen supply has been studied and substantiated. The results of the pellets formation when 3-5 % molasses is added to the red mud as a binding reagent are presented. The dependences of the reduction rate of iron oxides on the hydrogen flow rate are obtained. Based on the results of the experiments, a kinetic model was constructed, and with the help of X-ray phase and spectral analysis, it was proved that the agglomerates formed after heat treatment received high strength due to the adhesion of reduced iron particles with red mud particles. The use of a new type of charge materials in melting units will reduce the amount of emissions and dust fractions, as well as increase the metal yield

DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF NON-TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA AND M. TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX BY REAL TIME PCR

Goal of the study: to define the design of primers and probes specific to DNA of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and evaluate their diagnostic value in case of simultaneous detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and M. tuberculosis complex by real time PCR.Materials and methods. Primer 3, Primer BLAST, Ugene Uni Pro were used to design primers and probes. Preliminary assessment of specificity and sensitivity of detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria DNA was performed on cultures belonging to 18 types of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, 16 strains of M. tuberculosis complex and 14 types of microorganisms being none Mycobacterum. Analytic sensitivity was tested on 284 cultures of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and diagnostic sensitivity was tested on 124 sputum samples. The kit ofM-Sorb-Tub-Avtomat (ZAO Sintol) was used for DNA isolation. Cultures were subcultured on the liquid medium of Middlebrook 7H9 in Bactec MGIT 960. Cultures were identified with the use of standard microbiological techniques. Analysis of DNA isolated from cultures was performed by the reagent kit of GenoTypeCM/AS (Hain Lifescience, Germany).Results. 100% specificity and sensitivity of PCR was demonstrated in mycobacterial cultures and 100% specificity and 69-70% sensitivity was demonstrated in diagnostic material analysis

Выявление и дифференциация нетуберкулезных микобактерий и микобактерий туберкулезного комплекса методом пцр в режиме реального времени

Goal of the study: to define the design of primers and probes specific to DNA of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and evaluate their diagnostic value in case of simultaneous detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and M. tuberculosis complex by real time PCR.Materials and methods. Primer 3, Primer BLAST, Ugene Uni Pro were used to design primers and probes. Preliminary assessment of specificity and sensitivity of detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria DNA was performed on cultures belonging to 18 types of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, 16 strains of M. tuberculosis complex and 14 types of microorganisms being none Mycobacterum. Analytic sensitivity was tested on 284 cultures of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and diagnostic sensitivity was tested on 124 sputum samples. The kit ofM-Sorb-Tub-Avtomat (ZAO Sintol) was used for DNA isolation. Cultures were subcultured on the liquid medium of Middlebrook 7H9 in Bactec MGIT 960. Cultures were identified with the use of standard microbiological techniques. Analysis of DNA isolated from cultures was performed by the reagent kit of GenoTypeCM/AS (Hain Lifescience, Germany).Results. 100% specificity and sensitivity of PCR was demonstrated in mycobacterial cultures and 100% specificity and 69-70% sensitivity was demonstrated in diagnostic material analysis.Цель исследования: определить дизайн праймеров и зондов, специфичных к ДНК нетуберкулезных микобактерий (НТМБ), и оценить их диагностическую значимость при одновременном выявлении НТМБ и M. tuberculosis complex (МБТК) методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени.Материалы и методы. Дизайн праймеров и зондов осуществляли с использованием ПО Primer 3, Primer BLAST, Ugene Uni Pro. Предварительную оценку специфичности и чувствительности выявления ДНК НТМБ проводили на культурах, принадлежащих к 18 видам НТМБ, 16 штаммам МБТК и 14 видам микроорганизмов, не относящихся к роду Mycobacterum. Аналитическую чувствительность оценивали на 284 культурах НТМБ, диагностическую чувствительность - на 124 образцах мокроты. Выделение ДНК проводили набором «М-Сорб-Туб-Автомат» (ЗАО «Синтол»). Культуры подвергали субкультивированию на жидкой среде Middlebrook 7H9 в системе Bactec MGIT 960. Идентификацию культур проводили с использованием стандартных микробиологических методов. Анализ ДНК, выделенной из культур, выполняли c помощью набора реагентов GenoTypeCM/AS (Hain Lifescience, Германия).Результаты. Показаны 100%-ные специфичность и чувствительность ПЦР при работе с культурами микобактерий и 100%-ная специфичность и 69,70%-ная чувствительность при анализе диагностического материала

СЕКВЕНИРОВАНИЕ ГЕНОМОВ ШЕСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ШТАММОВ НЕТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫХ МИКОБАКТЕРИЙ

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