Forests advancements to grasslands and their influence on soil formation: Forest Steppe of the Central Russian Upland

Stages of Chernozem evolution in response to changing land cover from forest to grassland is discussed. Natural advancement of forest over grasslands continues in the contemporary perio

Inelastic Processes in the Collision of Relativistic Highly Charged Ions with Atoms

A general expression for the cross sections of inelastic collisions of fast (including relativistic) multicharged ions with atoms which is based on the genelazition of the eikonal approximation is derived. This expression is applicable for wide range of collision energy and has the standard nonrelativistic limit and in the ultrarelativistic limit coincides with the Baltz's exact solution ~\cite{art13} of the Dirac equation. As an application of the obtained result the following processes are calculated: the excitation and ionization cross sections of hydrogenlike atom; the single and double excitation and ionization of heliumlike atom; the multiply ionization of neon and argon atoms; the probability and cross section of K-vacancy production in the relativistic $U^{92+} - U^{91+}$ collision. The simple analytic formulae for the cross sections of inelastic collisions and the recurrence relations between the ionization cross sections of different multiplicities are also obtained. Comparison of our results with the experimental data and the results of other calculations are given.Comment: 25 pages, latex, 7 figures avialable upon request,submitted to PR

A theoretical and experimental investigation on the SHS synthesis of (HfTiCN)-TiB2 high-entropy composite

In this work, a fundamental possibility of obtaining a high-entropy ceramic (HfTiCN)-TiB2 composite material by the coupled self-propagating high-temperature synthesis is shown. To search for a stable fixed composition of the HfTiCN compound, the USPEX code was used with the CASTEP interface at 0K. According to the XRD analysis, the obtained SHS product is represented by HfTiCN phase (60 wt%) and TiB2 phase (40 wt%). Based on the results of XRD, elemental analysis, and the heat pattern of combustion of the Hf-Ti-C-N-B powder mixture, a probable mechanism for the formation of the (HfTiCN)-TiB2 composite material during the coupled self-propagating high-temperature synthesis was proposed

Zero-bias anomaly in two-dimensional electron layers and multiwall nanotubes

The zero-bias anomaly in the dependence of the tunneling density of states $\nu (\epsilon)$ on the energy $\epsilon$ of the tunneling particle for two- and one-dimensional multilayered structures is studied. We show that for a ballistic two-dimensional (2D) system the first order interaction correction to DOS due to the plasmon excitations studied by Khveshchenko and Reizer is partly compensated by the contribution of electron-hole pairs which is twice as small and has the opposite sign. For multilayered systems the total correction to the density of states near the Fermi energy has the form $\delta \nu/\nu_0 = {max} (| \epsilon |, \epsilon^*)/4\epsilon_F$, where $\epsilon^*$ is the plasmon energy gap of the multilayered 2D system. In the case of one-dimensional conductors we study multiwall nanotubes with the elastic mean free path exceeding the radius of the nanotube. The dependence of the tunneling density of states energy, temperature and on the number of shells is found.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Darboux transformations for a 6-point scheme

We introduce (binary) Darboux transformation for general differential equation of the second order in two independent variables. We present a discrete version of the transformation for a 6-point difference scheme. The scheme is appropriate to solving a hyperbolic type initial-boundary value problem. We discuss several reductions and specifications of the transformations as well as construction of other Darboux covariant schemes by means of existing ones. In particular we introduce a 10-point scheme which can be regarded as the discretization of self-adjoint hyperbolic equation

Signal Management: Updated Requirements of the EAEU Good Pharmacovigilance Practice

The Rules of Good Pharmacovigilance Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU GVP Guideline) came into force in the EAEU Member States in 2017. Over the next 5 years, marketing authorisation holders and competent authorities managed to build effective pharmacovigilance systems. The current version of the EAEU GVP Guideline was published in May 2022 and enacted on 6 December 2022. Amongst the critical pharmacovigilance processes, a special place is reserved to the process of signal management.The aim of the study was to analyse the new content of the EAEU GVP Guideline related to signal management.The authors reviewed the amendments introduced to the module of the EAEU GVP Guideline on signal management. This article is the first scholarly publication in the Russian language on the updated signal management process. The key changes include a detailed consideration of terminology issues, signal validation and prioritisation processes, notifying competent authorities of signal evaluation results, managing emerging safety issues, and functions of new automated systems: an integrated database of adverse drug reactions and a system for tracking safety issues

Indication of asymptotic scaling in the reactions dd→p3dd\to p^3H, dd→n3dd\to n^3He and dp→dpdp\to dp

It is shown that the differential cross sections of the reactions $dd\to ^3He n$ and $dd\to ^3H p$ measured at c.m.s.scattering angle$\theta_{cm}=60^\circ$ in the interval of the deuteron beam energy 0.5 - 1.2 GeV demonstrate the scaling behaviour,$d\sigma/d t\sim s^{-22}$, which follows from constituent quark counting rules. It is found also that the differential cross section of the elastic $dp\to dp$ scattering at $\theta_{cm}=125^\circ-135^\circ$ follows the scaling regime $\sim s^{-16}$ at beam energies 0.5 - 5 GeV. These data are parameterized here using the Reggeon exchange.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, 2 eps figures; final version accepted by Pis'ma v ZHETF, corrected and completed reference

On the Conference «Regulatory Impact Assessment: How to Change Law, Experience and Practices»

On December 11, 2019, the VIth Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Regulatory Impact Assessment: How to Change Law, Experience and Practices” was held in St. Petersburg. The conference, organized by the North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA and the Committee for Economic Development and Investment Activity of the Leningrad Region Administration, was devoted to the Institute of Regulatory Impact Assessment, an important and potentially effective procedure for improving the quality of public polic

A survey of Hirota's difference equations

A review of selected topics in Hirota's bilinear difference equation (HBDE) is given. This famous 3-dimensional difference equation is known to provide a canonical integrable discretization for most important types of soliton equations. Similarly to the continuous theory, HBDE is a member of an infinite hierarchy. The central point of our exposition is a discrete version of the zero curvature condition explicitly written in the form of discrete Zakharov-Shabat equations for M-operators realized as difference or pseudo-difference operators. A unified approach to various types of M-operators and zero curvature representations is suggested. Different reductions of HBDE to 2-dimensional equations are considered. Among them discrete counterparts of the KdV, sine-Gordon, Toda chain, relativistic Toda chain and other typical examples are discussed in detail.Comment: LaTeX, 43 pages, LaTeX figures (with emlines2.sty

Search for f1(1285)→π+π−π0f_1(1285) \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0 decay with VES detector

The isospin violating decay $f_1(1285)\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ has been studied at VES facility. This study is based at the statistics acquired in $\pi^- Be$ interactions at 27, 36.6 and 41 GeV/c in diffractive reaction $\pi^- N \to (f_1 \pi^-) N$. The $f_1(1285) \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ decay is observed. The ratio of decay probabilities $BR(f_1(1285) \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0)$ to $BR(f_1(1285) \to \eta \pi^+\pi^-) \cdot BR(\eta \to \gamma\gamma)$ is $\sim\:1.4$.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, presented at XII Conference on Hadron Spectroscop