Клинико-лабораторная характеристика острой ВИЧ-инфекции у взрослых в Новосибирской области

Purpose of the study. To study the characteristics of acute HIV infection in adults in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018.Materials and methods. 200 patients with acute HIV infection, residents of the Novosibirsk region, aged 15 to 74 years, hospitalized in 2017–2018, 104 men and 96 women were examined. The diagnosis was verified by detecting antibodies to HIV in ELISA with a negative or doubtful result of the immunoblot, as well as by determining the quantitative content of HIV RNA in the blood by PCR. The hemogram, the content of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood were determined. In addition, HIV-1 was studied in 71 patients for belonging to a genetic group.Results. Patients of 20–40 years old prevailed – 70.5%. The sexual way was dominant in women (69.0%), injecting psychoactive substances was more often in men (32.2%). Frequent symptoms were fever (99%), exanthema (65.5%), polylimfoadenopathy (54.0%). Less common were diarrhea (36.0%), pharyngotonsillitis (23.0%), aphthous stomatitis (6.5%), hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly (8.5%). Secondary diseases were revealed in 26.5% of patients. Leukopenia was recorded in 63.0%, thrombocytopenia in 62.5%, lymphocytosis and atypical cells of the lymphoid series in 14.0%. All patients had a high “viral load” – from 23,000 to 10,000,000 or more copies / ml, a decrease in the number of CD4 + less than 350 cells – in 38.0%. From among 71 patients, 19.7% had HIV-1 subtype A, and 76.0% had recombinant HIV-1 CRF63_02A. In the latter, “viral load” of more than 10,000,000 copies / ml was more often recorded (67.8% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.004).Conclusion. A significant number of cases of acute HIV infection were reported in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018. Its detection is possible by examination of all febrile patients who apply to medical institutions. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy with the appointment of well-tolerated regimens contributes to the formation of a high commitment to therapy.Цель: изучить особенности острой ВИЧ-инфекции у взрослых в Новосибирской области в 2017–2018 гг.Материалы и методы. Обследованы 200 больных острой ВИЧ-инфекцией, жителей Новосибирской области, в возрасте от 15 до 74 лет, госпитализированных в 2017–2018 гг., 104 мужчин и 96 женщин. Диагноз верифицировали выявлением антител к ВИЧ в ИФА при отрицательном или сомнительном результате иммуноблота, а также определением количественного содержания РНК ВИЧ в крови методом ПЦР. Определялась гемограмма, содержание CD4+лимфоцитов в крови. Дополнительно у 71 пациента исследован ВИЧ-1 на принадлежность к генетической группе.Результаты. Преобладали лица 20–40 лет – 70,5%. Половой путь заражения доминировал у женщин (69,0%), инъекционное потребление психоактивных веществ чаще было у мужчин (32,2%). Частыми симптомами были лихорадка (99%), экзантема (65,5%), полилимфоаденопатия (54,0%). Реже регистрировались диарея (36,0%) фаринготонзиллит (23,0%), афтозный стоматит (6,5%), гепатомегалия или гепатоспленомегалия (8,5%). У 26,5% больных выявлены вторичные заболевания. Лейкопения регистрировалась у 63,0%, тромбоцитопении – у 62,5%, лимфоцитоз и атипичные клетки лимфоидного ряда – у 14,0%. У всех пациентов установлена высокая вирусная нагрузка – от 23 000 до 10 000 000 и более копий/мл, снижение числа CD4+ менее 350 клеток – у 38,0%. Из числа 71 больных у 19,7% выявлен ВИЧ-1 субтипа А, у 76,0% выявлен рекомбинантный CRF63_02А ВИЧ-1. У последних чаще регистрировалась вирусная нагрузка более 10 000 000 копий/мл (67,8% против 33,4%, p=0,004).Заключение. В Новосибирской области в 2017– 2018 гг. регистрируется значительное число случаев острой ВИЧ-инфекции. Ее выявление возможно при обследовании всех лихорадящих больных, обращающихся в лечебные учреждения. Необходимо раннее начало антиретровирусной терапии с назначение схем с хорошей переносимостью для формирования высокой приверженности к терапии

Local resonance based precision collimation of THz radiation in a defect containing 1D photonic resonator: spectroscopy and metrology

A planar photonic resonator containing a unitary defect in the middle of structure can exhibit a system of extraordinary narrow resonance peaks of transmission on the background of perfect reflection. The properties of standing modes inside the polyethylene (polypropylene)/silicon plane resonators in the total intrinsic reflection region and unusual manifestations of THz transmission spectra in centimeter and millimeter wavelength ranges were studied. It is shown that the angle and frequency half-widths of the resonance peaks can be less than 10−9 of the magnitude of angle and frequency depending on the number of periods. This allows one to form collimated beams with divergence measured in fractions of a microdegree. It is shown that a plane resonator containing a central defect transforms the frequency dependent peaks into the outgoing-transmitted beams of various directions like a prism transforms light. This opens the way for precision measurements of angular and frequency distribution of THz radiation. It is proposed to use the existing extremely sharp peaks of transmission in planar resonators containing a central defect for aims of spectroscopy and metrology. A new spectroscopy technique is proposed based on the existing sharp transmission resonances using the concept of accumulating reservoir of electromagnetic field. The high extent of collimation resulting from the usage of photonic resonator gives an opportunity to form long and stable channels of communication in the THz frequency range

All-optical signal processing in photonic structures with shifting bands

Abstract. We propose the principal scheme of all-optical adder based on the dependence of electromagnetic spectra in photonic bandgap materials containing optically nonlinear layers on the light signal intensity. The system consisting of periodical layered structure covered by optically nonlinear material is investigated and photonic structure behavior with changing intensity is calculated. Theoretical estimations of adder parameters are made for different nonlinear materials and frequencies of laser source

To the problem of land underground flood in the south of european russia

Under consideration are results of studying an actual and very important problem related to dangerous underground flood processes and their occurrence in southern regions of European Russia. A comprehensive analysis was made to identify reasons for the development and intensity of such processes. It is shown that the underground flood processes become more intensive due to human activities in the sphere of water-power engineering. A system of measures is proposed how to protect the lands from the underground flood represented by a complex of preventive measures to maintain the optimal water-air regime in soils and to remediate their productivity

Clinical and laboratory characterictic of acute HIV-infection in adult residents of Novosibirsk region

Purpose of the study. To study the characteristics of acute HIV infection in adults in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018.Materials and methods. 200 patients with acute HIV infection, residents of the Novosibirsk region, aged 15 to 74 years, hospitalized in 2017–2018, 104 men and 96 women were examined. The diagnosis was verified by detecting antibodies to HIV in ELISA with a negative or doubtful result of the immunoblot, as well as by determining the quantitative content of HIV RNA in the blood by PCR. The hemogram, the content of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood were determined. In addition, HIV-1 was studied in 71 patients for belonging to a genetic group.Results. Patients of 20–40 years old prevailed – 70.5%. The sexual way was dominant in women (69.0%), injecting psychoactive substances was more often in men (32.2%). Frequent symptoms were fever (99%), exanthema (65.5%), polylimfoadenopathy (54.0%). Less common were diarrhea (36.0%), pharyngotonsillitis (23.0%), aphthous stomatitis (6.5%), hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly (8.5%). Secondary diseases were revealed in 26.5% of patients. Leukopenia was recorded in 63.0%, thrombocytopenia in 62.5%, lymphocytosis and atypical cells of the lymphoid series in 14.0%. All patients had a high “viral load” – from 23,000 to 10,000,000 or more copies / ml, a decrease in the number of CD4 + less than 350 cells – in 38.0%. From among 71 patients, 19.7% had HIV-1 subtype A, and 76.0% had recombinant HIV-1 CRF63_02A. In the latter, “viral load” of more than 10,000,000 copies / ml was more often recorded (67.8% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.004).Conclusion. A significant number of cases of acute HIV infection were reported in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018. Its detection is possible by examination of all febrile patients who apply to medical institutions. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy with the appointment of well-tolerated regimens contributes to the formation of a high commitment to therapy