The role of HSP-70 in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome induced by influenza pneumonia

Lung paraffin sections of 35 died during the epidemic of influenza A/H1N1 of 2009-2010 in Zabaikalskiy krai were investigated. Exudative stage was diagnosed, in 10 cases, proliferative stage - in 16 cases and fibrotic stage of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was diagnosed in 9 cases at the autopsy. Expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) by cells of the lungs was determined in sections by immunohistochemistry. We revealed that HSP-70 is expressed by neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and alveolocytes type 1 and. 2. It was found that regardless of the stage of ARDS the highest expression of HSP-70 was realized by neutrophils, the lowest - by the endothelium alveolocytes type 2 and. fibroblasts. HSP-70 expression in neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and. alveolocytes type 1 was the same in all stages of ARDS. In alveolocytes type 2 in exudative and. proliferative phases it was lower than at the development of fibrosis. We concluded that one of the mechanisms of developments of acute lungs injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome at influenza pneumonia is comparatively low synthesis of HSP-70 by endotheliocytes of lung capillary and. alveolocytes type 2

Peculiarities of synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the lungs during experimental development of distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was reproduced in nonlinear male rats by intratracheal instillation of 45—55 thousand, lysate rat neutrophils (method patented in RF); the control group was injected with saline solution. The animals were taken from the experiment at 1, 3 and 6 days, the expression of matrix metallopro-teinase-9 (MMP-9) by cells of the lungs was determined, by immunohistochemistry at each days. The expression of MMP-9 was found in neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelium and. type 2 alveolocytes in the both groups. In the control group the expression, of MMP-9 was found equally low in the all cells, except type 2 alveolocytes. It was decreased in type 2 alveolocytes on day 6. A significant increase in the expression of MMP-9 was found in neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts endothelium and type 2 alveolocytes in the exudative stage of ARDS. In the proliferative stage the expression of MMP-9 was high in all the cells, decreasing only in type 2 alveolocytes. In the fibrotic stage of expression of MMP-9 returned to the level of the control group in macrophages, type 2 alveolocytes, the endothelium; in neutrophils and fibroblasts it remained high

Особенности экспрессии дефензинов в легких при остром респираторном дистресс–синдроме на фоне гриппозной пневмонии

Summary. We investigated paraffin slices of the lungs from 35 people died during the 2009 epidemic of influenza A / H1N1. The exudative stage of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was diagnosed in 10 cases, the proliferative stage in 16 and the fibrotic stage in 9 cases. Expression of α–defensins (HNP 1–3) in lung tissue was determined by the immunohistochemistry. The highest HNP 1–3 expression level was found during the exudative stage in neutrophils; it was similar in macrophages and alveolocytes type 2. α–defensins were also expressed by the epithelium of terminal bronchioles. During the proliferative stage, the HNP 1–3 expression in neutrophils remained at the high level, it was increased in alveolocytes type 2 and was unchanged in macrophages. During this stage, HNP 1–3 additionally expressed by immature alveolocytes and squamous metaplasia epithelial cells in the terminal bronchioles. During the fibrotic stage, the HNP 1–3 expression in neutrophils was reduced but remained the highest in comparison with that in the other cells; it did not changed in the alveolocytes type 2 and the macrophages. In this stage, HNP 1–3 also expressed in proliferating fibroblasts

DYNAMICS OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN-70 SYNTHESIS IN LUNGS DEPENDS ON THE STAGE OF EXPERIMENTAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Abstract. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was reproduced in a rat model, by means of intratracheal instillation of granulocyte lysates (a method protected by Russian patent). Expression of HSP-70 in lung cells was determined by immunohistochemical technique at each ARDS stage. A significant increase of HSP-70 expression by all cell types was revealed during exudative stage, being more intensive in alveolocytes type 1, and less expressed in endothelium. During proliferative stage of the disorder, a decreased HSP-70 expression was noted in all cell populations. At these terms, it proved to be high in neutrophils and alveveolocytes type 1, whereas lower expression was registered in endothelium. At fibrotic stage, HSP-70 synthesis remained at high levels in neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and alveolocytes type 1. Endothelium and alveolocytes type 2 exhibited a recurrent increase at fibrotic stage of ARDS, however it did not reach the values typical to the initial stage of the syndrome

INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN NEUTRO PHIL ENZYMES AND THEIR INHIBITORS IN PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH INFLUENZA PNEUMONIA

Abstract. Amounts of several neutrophil enzymes (elastase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), MMP-2) and their local inhibitors, i.e., Clara cell protein (CC16) and HSP-70, have been determined in blood plasma from fifty-two patients with various forms of influenza A/H1N1. Sixteen patients have developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In cases of uncomplicated influenza, elastase and MPO levels were shown to be increased, while MMP-2 levels did not change, along with higher contents of HSP-70 and unchanged CC16 amounts. Upon development of influenza-associated pneumonia, elastase and MPO concentrations became elevated, whereas MMP-2 levels were decreased, along with unchanged amounts of CC16 and HSP-70. In cases of ARDS development, CC16 amounts exhibited a sharp decrease. Meanwhile, contents of other proteins remained at the levels shown for pneumonia patients. It has been shown that increased concentrations of neutrophil elastase and MPO with a relative CC16 deficiency and decreased MMP-2 may represent a mechanism of pneumonia development. Decreased CC16 concentration may serve as a risk predictor of ARDS development

LEVELS OF NEUROSPECIFIC ENOLASE AND ENOLASE-SPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODIES IN BLOOD SERUM OF THE PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROPATIES

The patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and various functional states of thyroid gland, and diffuse toxic goiter with pronounced thyrotoxicosis were studied for neurospecific enolase and enolase-specific autoantibodies levels in blood serum. Increased concentrations of neurospecific enolase and specific autoantibodies were revealed in all groups of the patients. A conclusion was drawn that nervous system may be involved into pathological process during development of thyropaties