Current trends in enterprises staffing of the Russian Defence Industry Complex: Personnel training system᾿s problems and solutions

The personnel support system has always been the main element of the change and development of the country’s Defence Industry Complex. The article defines the problems of staffing in the Russian Defence Industry Complex determines the directions of their solution in order to further maintain the highest level of defense of country. The article pays much attention to the study of the existing experience of the leading corporations of the Russian military-industrial complex in terms of creating a system for training highly qualified personnel, including the personnel of companies and corporations in the system of training and development, creating conditions for increasing the interest and involvement of young people in working at enterprises in this field.The paper presents issues that reveal the concept and construction of the national programme to improve the staffing of enterprises of the Defence Industry Complex, taking into account the requirements of today and tomorrow, defines organisational and methodological measures for the implementation of a set of tasks of digitalisation in training of personnel for the Defence Industry Complex. The authors convincingly prove that one of the main tasks in solving the problems of digitalisation and diversification of production is the task of raising the level of working personnel skills. The issue of labor in industry, primarily in the militaryindustrial complex, its quality and qualifications is quite acute

Oxidative and antioxidant changes in blood of young people with premature coronary artery disease and abdominal obesity

Aim. To study the oxidative and antioxidant blood profile in young people with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and abdominal obesity (AO).Material and methods. The study included 169 people. The main group consisted of 47 patients diagnosed with premature (<45 years of age) CAD, while 22 of them with AO and 25 without AO. The control group included 122 people without CAD, comparable with the main group in sex, age and body mass index. Among them, there are 67 people with AO and 55 people without AO. In all examined patients, the blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MDA-modified oxidized high-density lipoprotein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1, and whole blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Statistical processing was carried out in the SPSS 13.0 program.Results. The blood TAC was 2,3 times lower in persons with CAD than in those without CAD, and amounted to 1,58 mmol of trolox. The blood level of SOD in patients with CAD was 1,16 times higher than in the group of people without CAD. The relative odds of premature CAD were associated with decreased TAC (B=-2,855; Exp(B)=0,058; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0,008-0,392; p=0,004) and increased level of SOD (B=0,105; Exp(B)=1,076; 95% CI, 1,031-1,196; p=0,006), regardless of sex, age, risk factors. Conclusion. Thus, an increased SOD and reduced TAC can be potential biomarkers for premature CAD in people under 45 years of age

Биохимические, молекулярно-генетические и клинические аспекты COVID-2019

 The 2020 coronavirus infection pandemic has potentiated a large number of studies in the world on the etiopathogenesis, clinical and morphological manifestations of COVID-2019 infection. This review presents biochemical, molecular genetic and clinical aspects of COVID-2019.  Пандемия коронавирусной инфекции в 2020 г. потенцировала проведение большого числа исследований в мире в области этиопатогенеза и клинико-морфологических проявлений  COVID-2019. Представлены биохимические, молекулярно-генетические и клинические аспекты COVID-2019.

Calcification markers and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting

Aim. To assess the long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and their association with calcification biomarkers.Material and methods. The study included 129 men (mean age, 61,5±7,5 years) with coronary atherosclerosis who were admitted for CABG surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with favorable and unfavorable (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, surgery) 5-year prognosis after surgery. Before the surgery, the blood concentrations of calcification biomarkers (osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, osteonectin and osteocalcin) were determined in all patients.Results. Long-term outcomes of myocardial revascularization were studied in 92 patients (71%). An unfavorable long-term 5-year period was identified in 28 men (30,4%). In men with an unfavorable 5-year prognosis, the blood osteocalcin level before CABG was 1,2 times higher than in men with a favorable one. Multivariate linear regression showed that the risk of a 5-year unfavorable prognosis for coronary atherosclerosis after myocardial revascularization was associated with the blood osteocalcin concentration, determined before CABG (B=0,018, R2=0,285, p=0,008).Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the relevance of continuing studies on osteocalcin, including with respect to its contribution to coronary atherosclerosis and calcification

NEW ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PROTEIN TISSUE-SPECIFIC MARKERS IN THE ESTIMATION OF SEVERITY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

The purpose of the study was to assess the associations of proteins of pulmonary surfactants A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) with the severity of community-acquired pneumonia. Material and methods. A survey of 188 patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The average age of the examined patients was 54.3 ± 16.5 years (M ± SD). In 102 patients (54.3 %) severe CAP was verified. All patients underwent clinical, functional, diagnostic and laboratory studies. Results and discussion. It was determined that SP-A and SP-D content was significantly higher in patients with severe CAP compared to patients with a mild course of this disease. The direct association of severe CAP with an elevated SP-AP level, directly associated with an increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, have been confirmed in early studies. Using partial correlation analysis, it was established that the severe course of CAP is directly related to SP-A (r = 0.221; p = 0.003) and SP-D content (r = 0.262; p < 0.001) regardless of age, smoking, and body weight. Thus, direct associations of SP-A and SP-D with a severe course of CAP reflect the high pathogenetic significance of these protective factors in infectious lung damage

Changes induced in mouse lipid metabolism by simultaneous impact of antisense oligonucleotide derivatives to <i>apoB</i>, <i>PCSK9</i>, and <i>apoCIII</i> mRNAs

Development of new drugs able to decrease the level of “bad” cholesterol, in particular, based on antisense oligonucleotide derivatives (ASOs), remains relevant for the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and/or intolerant to statins. The goal of the work was to assess the changes in the lipid metabolism caused by variants of joint impact of the ASOs targeted to the mRNAs of its key genes: apoB, PCSK9, and apoCIII. Female C57BL/6J mice; nuclease-protected 13- and 20-nucleotide ASOs, and standard protocols for quantification of lipoproteins (HDL CHL, non-HDL CHL, and total CHL) and ALT in the blood serum were used in the work. The following combinations of ASOs were four times injected to the mouse caudal vein: 1) ASO to apoB, 2) ASO to apoCIII, 3) ASO to apoB and ASO to PCSK9, 4) ASO to apoB, ASO to PCSK9, and ASO to apoCIII, 5) ASO to apoB (three doses), ASO to PCSK9, and ASO to apoCIII (two doses), 6) ASO to PCSK9 and (ASO to apoCIII – only in the fourth administration). Triple weekly administration of these ASO combinations resulted in a decrease in non-HDL CHL by 25, 16, 35, 47, 60, and 7 %, respectively, as compared with the control and 1.8-, 1.5-, 1.9-, 2.4-, 3.1, and 1.24-fold higher HDL CHL/ non-HDL CHL ratio. The subsequent ASO injection with concurrent switching to a high-fat diet after 1 week resulted in a decrease in the non-HDL CHL by 28, 2, 28, 70, 33, and 49 % for ASOs (1–6), respectively, as compared with the control; the HDL CHL/non-HDL CHL ratio was 1.5-, 1.1-, 2-, 3.7-, 1.9-, and 2-fold better. The ALT concentration for all ASO combinations remained within the norm for the control animals, demonstrating the absence of any hepatotoxic effect. The best efficiency of ASOs requires selection of concentrations for single ASOs and their combinations as well as of the order and timing of administration. Thus, a new antisense approach is proposed

Методики томографической визуализации ушка левого предсердия при планировании интервенционного лечения фибрилляции предсердий

Due to intracardiac circulatory changes atrial fibrillation creates conditions for thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The presence of thrombus in LAA is poor prognostic factor of subsequent cardiovascular events. It is the source of up to 64% of ischemic stroke cases, and concomitant anticoagulant therapy leads to a high frequency of hemorrhagic conversion. For patient with symptomatic and drug-refractory arrhythmia is recommended surgical rhythm correction or electrical cardioversion. There is a high risk of cardioembolic stroke during the intervention, so it is necessary to exclude LAA thrombosis at pre-operation stage. The main method of LAA visualization is transesophageal echocardiography, but today computed tomography and, less, magnetic resonance tomography become important. The purpose of this review is to analyze the possibilities of each visualisation technique and their role in the diagnostic algorithm when examining patients before catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation sources.Изменение внутрисердечной гемодинамики на фоне неправильного ритма фибрилляции предсердий создает условия для формирования тромбов в полости ушка левого предсердия. Наличие тромба в ушке является неблагоприятным прогностическим фактором последующих кардиоваскулярных событий, являясь источником до 64% случаев ишемических инсультов, а сопутствующая антикоагулянтная терапия приводит к большой частоте геморрагической транcформации. Симптомная и рефрактерная к медикаментозному лечению фибрилляция предсердий требует хирургической коррекции ритма или электрической кардиоверсии. Во время вмешательства существует высокий риск кардиоэмболического инсульта, поэтому на дооперационном этапе для его профилактики необходимо исключить тромбоз ушка левого предсердия. Основной метод визуализации ушка – чреспищеводная эхокардиография, но на сегодняшний день определенный вклад вносит компьютерная томография и, в меньшей степени, магнитно-резонансная томография. Целью данного научного обзора было изучение возможностей каждой методики и их роли в диагностическом алгоритме при обследовании пациентов перед катетерной абляцией источников фибрилляции предсердий

Проблемы качества нефтяных кровельных битумов

In this paper results of monitoring of quality impregnating and integumentary roofing bitumens of marks BNK 45/190 and BNK 90/30 by company TehnoNICOL are analysed. On the basis of the big data the interrelation between penetration at 25°С and softening temperature is investigated.Проанализированы результаты мониторинга качества пропиточных и покровных кровельных битумов марок БНК 45/190 и БНК 90/30. На основании большого массива данных исследована взаимосвязь между показателями пенетрации при 25°С и температурой размягчения