31 research outputs found
Pathomorphological estimation of biological influence of nano-selenium under the toxic affection of liver
The article presents the comparative results of morphological and histochemical studies of internal at the toxic affection caused by CCl4 and at their correction by nanocomposite selenium. It was showed that nanoselenium obtained on the arabinogalactan matrix had hepatoprotective features that develop in the protective effect of hepatocytes from the toxic carbon tetrachloride damage. The activity of enzymes and glycogen remains, the lipid contents decreases
Management of MDR-TB in HIV co-infected patients in Eastern Europe: Results from the TB:HIV study
Objectives Mortality among HIV patients with tuberculosis (TB) remains high in Eastern Europe (EE), but details of TB and HIV management remain scarce. Methods In this prospective study, we describe the TB treatment regimens of patients with multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results A total of 105 HIV-positive patients had MDR-TB (including 33 with extensive drug resistance) and 130 pan-susceptible TB. Adequate initial TB treatment was provided for 8% of patients with MDR-TB compared with 80% of those with pan-susceptible TB. By twelve months, an estimated 57.3% (95%CI 41.5\u201374.1) of MDR-TB patients had started adequate treatment. While 67% received ART, HIV-RNA suppression was demonstrated in only 23%. Conclusions Our results show that internationally recommended MDR-TB treatment regimens were infrequently used and that ART use and viral suppression was well below the target of 90%, reflecting the challenging patient population and the environment in which health care is provided. Urgent improvement of management of patients with TB/HIV in EE, in particular for those with MDR-TB, is needed and includes widespread access to rapid TB diagnostics, better access to and use of second-line TB drugs, timely ART initiation with viral load monitoring, and integration of TB/HIV care
Gout, hyperuricemia and cardiovascular risk
Подагра – системное тофусное заболевание, характеризующееся отложением кристаллов моноурата натрия в различных тканях и развивающимся в связи с этим воспалением, у лиц с гиперурикемией (ГУ), обусловленной внешнесредовыми и/ или генетическими факторами [1]. Заболеваемость подагрой увеличилась в несколько раз за последние десятилетия и продолжает неуклонно расти [2, 3]. Не менее 1% мужчин в западных странах страдают подагрой [4-7], которая является одной из самых частых причин воспаления суставов у мужчин среднего возраста [8, 4, 9].Установлено, что подавляющее большинство больных подагрой (около 2/3) погибают от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, связанных с атеросклерозом, и только менее четверти – от хронической почечной недостаточности [10, 11]. Большинство пациентов с подагрой (около 70%) имеют более двух факторов риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. По данным эпидемиологических исследований, сочетание двух, трех или более факторов у одного больного существенно повышает риск кардиоваскулярных катастроф. При этом сочетание нескольких, даже умеренно выраженных, кардиоваскулярных факторов риска прогностически более неблагоприятно, чем существенное нарастание одного кардиоваскулярного фактора [12]. По данным литературы, частота артериальной гипертензии (АГ) у больных подагрой колеблется от36% до 41%, а в сочетании с метаболическим синдромом увеличивается до 72% [13]. Хорошо известна ассоциация подагры с ожирением и дислипидемией [14]. Во многом дислипидемию при подагре связывают с инсулинорезистентностью и гиперинсулинемией [15]. Нарушения липидного обмена заключаются в развитии гипертриглицеридемии, снижении сывороточной концентрации холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности (ХС-ЛВП) и увеличении апо-ß, а также липопротеида (а) [16], которые ассоциируются с риском развития атеросклероза и ИБС. Результаты недавнего исследования свидетельствуют о повышенном риске развития инфаркта миокарда у пациентов с подагрой после исключения классических факторов риска (ФР) [17]
NITRATES IN ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE TREATMENT, YESTERDAY AND TODAY
The problem of nitrate formulation choice in treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease is reviewed. Importance of development of shortacting nitrates in form of spray, containing nitroglycerin or isosorbid dinitrate, is highlighted. Polycomponent effects of nitrates, ensuring antianginal and antiischemic effect in patients both with stable and acute forms of ischemic heart disease are enumerated. Problem of side effects, frequency of tolerance development in long-term nitrates treatment and tolerance prevention method by interrupted nitrates prescription are analyzed. Wide opportunities of contemporary therapy with nitrates through development of new forms of special drugs, containing isosorbid – 5 – mononitrate in microspheres, are emphasized.</p
A new subgenus and a new species of the tenebrionid genus Leptodes Dejean, 1834 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)
The environmental aspect of the Eurasian integration of trans-border regions of Siberia and the Far East
The article considers the environmental problems of the trans-border regions of Siberia and the Far East in the conditions of the Eurasian integration. The environmental consequences of functioning of the economies of the near-border East Asian countries for the Russian trans-border regions are shown. Russian trans-border Siberian and Far Eastern regions perform economic cooperation with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region in various sectors of the economy: mining and manufacturing, agriculture and forestry, nuclear energy, transport and other industries. At the same time, the environmental risks of such cooperation are not always evaluated. This is evidenced by the deteriorating environmental situation in the regions under consideration. The article proposes measures to improve the state environmental regulation of the Eurasian integration process: the development of low-carbon energy and energy-efficient technologies, the use of modern agricultural technologies, focus on the formation of a green economy, coordination of environmental legislation of the cooperating Eurasian states
Atherosclerotic vessel damage in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome in men
Objective. To study prevalence of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis signs in men with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome, to assess relationship between atherosclerotic vessel damage, risk factors, CRP and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (АСА) Material and methods. 62 pts were included. Mean age was 35,7+11,6 years, mean disease duration - 129,3± 102 months. Traditional and related to the disease risk factors were analyzed. To reveal atherosclerotic vessel damage carotid sonographic examination was performed. Serum CRP concentration was evaluated by high sensitivity nephelometric immunoassay. IgG and IgM АСА were assessed by solid-phase immuno-enzyme assay. Results. Sonographic signs of carotid damage was revealed in 58% of pts, clinical signs of atherosclerosis - in 42%. Pts were divided into two groups according to intima-media complex thickness (IMCT). Group I included 36 pts with atherosclerotic vessel damage signs (IMCT?0,9 mm). Group 2-26 pts with IMCT<0,9 mm. Mean age at the examination, age of disease onset, disease duration, smoking frequency damage index in group I pts were higher than in group 2 pts. Mean CRP concentration in atherosclerosis group was significantly higher than in group 2 (p=0,007). 19 pts had APS signs. 43 pts did not. CRP level significantly correlated with IMCT in SLE pts with and without APS (p<0,05). Pts with atherosclerosis had higher IgG АСА level though the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Men with SLE with or without APS have high risk of atherosclerosis development. CRP elevation is associated with IMCT increase