The Baksan gallium solar neutrino experiment

A radiochemical 71Ga-71Ge experiment to determine the integral flux of neutrinos from the sun has been constructed at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory in the USSR. Measurements have begun with 30 tonnes of gallium. An additional 30 tonnes of gallium are being installed so as to perform the full experiment with a 60-tonne target. The motivation, experiment procedures, and present status of this experiment are described. © 1990

First results from the Soviet-American gallium experiment

The Soviet-American Gallium Experiment is the first experiment able to measure the dominant flux of low energy p-p solar neutrinos. Four extractions made during January to May 1990 from 30 tons of gallium have been counted and indicate that the flux is consistent with 0 SNU and is less than 72 SNU (68% CL) and less than 138 SNU (95% CL). This is to be compared with the flux of 132 SNU predicted by the Standard Solar Model. © 1991

The Soviet-American gallium experiment at Baksan

A gallium solar neutrino detector is sensitive to the full range of the solar neutrino spectrum, including the low-energy neutrinos from the fundamental proton-proton fusion reaction. If neutrino oscillations in the solar interior are responsible for the suppressed {sup 8}B flux measured by the Homestake {sup 37}Cl experiment and the Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector, then a comparison of the gallium, chlorine, and water results may make possible a determination of the neutrino mass difference and mixing angle. A 30-ton gallium detector is currently operating in the Baksan laboratory in the Soviet Union, with a ratio of expected solar signal to measured background (during the first one to two {sup 71}Ge half lives) of approximately one. 28 refs

Специфические особенности ландшафтной динамики особо долгопоемных территорий устьевой природной системы р. Волги

В работе представлены результаты комплексных ландшафтно-экологических исследований на стационарных участках в дельте р. Волги, переведенных в ранг памятников природы, в период с 1978 по 2016 гг. Для особо долгопоемных территорий выявлены основные тенденции ландшафтной динамики, оценены природные и антропогенные факторы трансформации почвенно-растительного покрова: для почвенного покрова долгопоемных территорий за сорокалетний период проведен катионно-анионный анализ водорастворимых солей и особенностей их миграции и накопления в зависимости от изменений лимитирующих природных и антропогенных факторов; для растительности выявлено комплексное воздействие совокупных изменений метеорологических, гидрологических, эдафических и антропогенных факторов на разногодичные флуктуации и сукцессионные смены растительного покрова. Результаты многолетних исследований показывают, что основными факторами, определяющими содержание и радиальную миграцию легкорастворимых солей в почвах, а также продуктивность растительности и её видовой состав является гидрологический режим (прежде всего – характер весенне-летних половодий) и климатические особенности территории. Однако, помимо действия основных первичных факторов, необходимо учитывать и воздействие локальных вторичных, которые могут оказывать эффективное преломляющее воздействие на фоновые сигналы внешней среды.Multi-method landscape-ecological researches results on stationary parts in the river Volga delta, transformed to rank of natural sanctuary in the period of 1978-2016 are presented in this work. The main landscape dynamics tendencies are discovered, natural and anthropogenous factors of soil and vegetation cover are estimated for peculiar long inundable territories: water-soluble salts cationic- anionic analysis and their migration specific features and accumulation in dependence of the limited natural and anthropogenous factors changes for long inundable soil cover for forty years period; integrated effect of meteorological, hydrological, adaphic and anthropogenous factors cumulative changes on different years fluctuations and seral vegetational change for vegetation was revealed. Multi-year researches results show that the main factors, defining content and highly soluble salts radial migration in soils, also vegetation productivity and its species composition are hydrological regime (most of all – spring-summer floodings character) and territory climatic specific features. However, it is necessary to take into account local secondary effects influence, which can have an effective refracted impact on ambient background signals besides the main primary factors effect

First Results From the Soviet-American Gallium Experiment

The Soviet-American Gallium Experiment is the first experiment able to measure the dominant flux of low energy p-p solar neutrinos. Four extractions made during January to May 1990 from 30 tons of gallium have been counted and indicate that the flux is consistent with 0 SNU and is less than 72 SNU (68% CL) and less than 138 SNU (95% CL). This is to be compared with the flux of 132 SNU predicted by the Standard Solar Model. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab

The Soviet American Gallium Experiment (SAGE)

A radiochemical experiment using the reaction v/sub e/ = /sup 71/Ga + e/sup e/ to determine the integral flux of low-energy neutrinos from the sun is currently under preparation at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory in the USSR. Measurements are scheduled to commence by late 1988 using /approximately/30 tonnes of metallic gallium. With this amount of gallium it should be possible to obtain a fractional statistical accuracy of 12 to 15% after one year (assuming the standard solar model neutrino flux). While initial measurements are in progress, installation of the remaining 30 tonnes of gallium will proceed in order to perform the full 60 tonne experiment