НЕПРОНИКАЮЩАЯ ГЛУБОКАЯ СКЛЕРЭКТОМИЯ И ИМПЛАНТАЦИЯ ДРЕНАЖА EX-PRESS R-50 В ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ГЛАУКОМЫ

PURPOSE: Analysis of the mediumand long-term results of the mini-shunt Ex-Press implantation in glaucoma surgical treatment.METHODS: Non-penetrating deep sclerectomy with the mini-shunt Ex-PRESS R-50 implantation was performed in 198 eyes of 177 patients with uncontrolled and/or refractory glaucoma between 2011 and 2014. Exclusion criteria for patients: signs of neovascularisation, close-angle or congenital glaucoma, previous ophthalmologic surgeries during the last 6 months, the need for simultaneous combined cataract and glaucoma surgery. The study included 161 patients (176 eyes). A review of the patients’ anamnesis revealed a history of previous glaucoma surgical procedures in 126 (77.6%) patients, cataract phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in 108 (67%) patients and vitrectomy in 43 (26.7%) cases. All surgical interventions were undertaken within a period of more than 6 months before the present study. A standard ophthalmologic examination was performed in all patients prior to surgery and on days 1 and 7, as well as 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months after the drainage implantation. In a number of patients, examinations were also performed 48 (n=44, 27.3%) and 60 (n=21, 13%) months after the operation. In addition, patients were divided into group I («phakic» glaucoma, n=53; 32.9%) and group II (pseudophakic glaucoma, n=108; 78.3%)RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 43.7±2.9 months. The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 72.4 ± 9.6 years, with 63 (39.1%) male and 98 (60.9%) female patients. IOP decrease compared to preoperative values of 32.3±8.7 mmHg amounted to 6.2±7.7 mm Hg after 1 week, 11.9±5.8 mm Hg after 1 month, 12.5±4.0 mm Hg after 2 months, 12.7±4.8 mm Hg after 3 months, 12.1±4.5 mm Hg after 6 months, 11.7±4.2 mm Hg after 12 months, 12.9±5.1 mm Hg 18 months after surgery. At the follow-up period of 24 months, the IOP decreased to 15.3±6.6 mm Hg, and at follow-ups of 36 months to 17.5±6.8 mm Hg (45.8%). In 44 (27.3%) patients 48 months later, the IOP level exceeded the compensation level with average values of 22.4±8.0 mm Hg. In 60 months after the operation 21 (13%) patients had a mean IOP level of 26.1±8.2 mm Hg. A statistically insignificant change in BCVA from 0.61±0.25 in the preoperative period to 0.57±0.31 during the last examination was observed (p>0.1). There was a significant decrease in the number of glaucoma instillations with the average numbers of 0.55±1.1 and 0.89±1.2 24 and 36 months after the surgery respectively, compared to 2.7±0.9 prior to the surgery (p=0.002 and p=0.01). In all the investigated cases, a daily massage of the filtration zone was performed during the postoperative period. In 94 (58.4%) patients, the IAG laser procedure was performed on the shunt at various postoperative times. Postoperative complications included a transient hypotension in the early (10-14 days) postoperative period, Seidel’s symptom and bleb encapsulation, which required additional intervention. At the maximum follow-up period of 36 months, somewhat better results were obtained in group II (mean IOP 15.9±4.2 mm Hg vs. 17.3±4.4 mm Hg in group I, p>0.1). Similar differences were obtained for the number of glaucoma drugs taken (0.81±0.9 in group II against 0.97±1.1 in group I, p>0.1). Larger differences were obtained for BCVA during the long-term follow-up period (0.62±0.26 in group II versus 0.38±0.21 in group I, 0.05<p<0.1).CONCLUSION: Ex-PRESS mini-shunt implantation is indicated in patients with refractory glaucoma when with previous interventions and maximum antihypertention regimen proved insufficient to compensate intraocular pressure level. Relative simplicity of the implantation technique, a small percentage of complications and a high efficiency in the medium term observation period make it possible to recommend the use of this device for wide ophthalmic surgical practice. Optimal results are possible with the implantation of a mini-shunt under the superficial scleral flap and a special mode of postoperative management of the patient, which allows to maintain the functioning of the shunt and to provide a tolerant intraocular pressure. Implantation of the mini-shunt Ex-PRESS R-50 in patients with pseudophakia results in slightly better but statistically insignificant functional results, however, due to the reduction in the effect in long-term (up to 5 years) follow-up, this surgical intervention is not an operation of first choice for this group of patients.ЦЕЛЬ. Анализ среднеи долгосрочных результатов имплантации мини-шунта Ex-PRESS в лечении глаукомы.МЕТОДЫ. Непроникающая глубокая склерэктомия с имплантацией мини-шунта Ex-PRESS R-50 проведена на 198 глазах 177 пациентов с неконтролируемой и/или рефрактерной к медикаментозной терапии глаукомой в период с 2011 по 2014 гг. Критерии исключения пациентов: наличие неоваскулярной, закрытоугольной или врожденной глаукомы, предшествующие офтальмологические оперативные вмешательства в течение последних 6 месяцев, необходимость одномоментной комбинированной хирургии катаракты и глаукомы. В исследование включен 161 пациент (176 глаз). В анамнезе у 126 (77,6%) пациентов отмечено проведение других антиглаукомных хирургических вмешательств, у 108 (67%) пациентов была выполнена факоэмульсификация катаракты с имплантацией ИОЛ, 43 (26,7%) пациентам проведена витрэктомия, при этом все хирургические вмешательства были выполнены в сроки более 6 месяцев перед настоящим исследованием. Стандартное плановое офтальмологическое обследование всем пациентам выполняли до хирургического вмешательства и в сроки 1 день, 7 дней, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 и 36 месяцев после имплантации дренажа. У части пациентов осмотры проводили также в 48 (n=44; 27,3%) и 60 (n=21; 13%) месяцев после операции. Дополнительно проведено разделение пациентов на группу 1 («факичная» глаукома; n=53; 32,9%) и группу 2 (артифакичная глаукома; n=108; 78,3%).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Средний период наблюдения составил 43,7±2,9 месяцев. Средний возраст пациентов на момент хирургического вмешательства 72,4±9,6 года, из них 63 (39,1%) мужчины и 98 (60,9%) женщин. Отмечено снижение внутриглазного давления (ВГД) по сравнению с дооперационными значениями 32,3±8,7 до 6,2±7,7 мм рт.ст. через 1 неделю, 11,9±5,8 мм рт.ст. через 1 месяц, 12,5±4,0 — через 2 месяца, 12,7±4,8 — через 3 месяца, 12,1±4,5 — через 6 месяцев, 11,7±4,2 — через 12 месяцев, 12,9±5,1 мм рт.ст. через 18 месяцев после хирургического вмешательства

Повышение кардиопротективной эффективности дистантного ишемического прекондиционирования при кардиохирургических вмешательствах

The objective. To increase the effectiveness of cardioprotection during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by using a modified technique of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC).Subjects and Methods. A prospective randomized study included 119 patients (aged 18 to 75 years) undergoing on-pump CABG. Patients were divided in 5 groups: Group 1 ‒ Sevoflurane control (ContrSevo), RIPC was not used, sevoflurane anesthesia (n = 24); Group 2 ‒ RIPC1 sevoflurane (RIP1Sevo), RIPC with ischemia-reperfusion of one lower limb, sevoflurane anesthesia (n = 26); Group 3 ‒ RIPC2 sevoflurane (RIP2Sevo), RIPC with ischemia-reperfusion of two lower limbs, anesthesia sevoflurane (n = 23); Group 4 ‒ Propofol control (ContrProp), RIPC was not used, propofol anesthesia (n = 22); Group 5 ‒ RIPC2 propofol (RIP2Prop), RIPC with ischemia-reperfusion of two lower limbs, propofol anesthesia (n = 24). The serum troponin I concentration (cTnI) (baseline, and 30 minutes, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after СPB weaning). Hemodynamic parameters and indicators of the clinical postoperative course also were evaluated. The impact ischemic-reperfused tissue mass of RIPC on the cardioprotection was assessed by comparing the groups of ContrSevo, RIPC1Sevo, and RIPC2Sevo. To assess the impact of propofol on the RIPC-induced cardioprotection, the groups of ContrProp and RIPC2Prop were compared.Results. Statistically significant differences in cTnI were found between the ContrSevo and the RIPC2Sevo at points of 12, 24 and 36 hours: ContrSevo 1.83 (1.3; 2.24) ng/ml, RIP2Sevo 1.28 (0.75; 1.63) ng/ml after 12 hours (p = 0.02), ContrSevo 1.44 (0.98; 2.26) ng/ml, RIPC2Sevo 1.17 (0.55; 1.66) ng/ml after 24 hours (p = 0.046), ContrSevo 1.26 (0.86; 1.72) ng/ml, and RIPC2Sevo 0.81 (0.47; 1.24) ng/ml after 36 hours (p = 0.035). No differences in the cTnI were found between the groups of ContrSevo and RIPC1Sevo, RIPC1Sevo and RIPC2Sevo at any stage of the study. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups when comparing hemodynamic parameters. In the RIPC2Sevo Group, arrhythmias requiring cardioversion or drug therapy were significantly less frequent compared to ContrSevo (1 vs. 6) (p = 0.047). There were no other significant differences in the postoperative clinical course. When comparing the groups of ContrProp and RIP2Prop, no significant differences were found in cTnI and hemodynamic parameters as well as in the postoperative clinical course.Conclusions. A greater mass of ischemic-reperfused peripheral tissue is accompanied by greater RIPC-induced cardioprotection. A modified protocol for RIPC with ischemia-reperfusion of two lower limbs with sevoflurane anesthesia enhances cardioprotection during on-pump CABG. The modified RIPC protocol with ischemia-reperfusion of two lower limbs with sevoflurane anesthesia reduces the risk of arrhythmias requiring cardioversion or drug therapy. Propofol inhibits the RIPC-induced cardioprotection with ischemia-reperfusion of two lower limbs.Цель исследования: повысить эффективность интраоперационной кардиопротекции при аортокоронарном шунтировании (АКШ) за счет применения модифицированной методики дистантного ишемического прекондиционирования (ДИП).Материалы и методы. В проспективное рандомизированное исследование включено 119 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 75 лет, которым предстояло АКШ в условиях искусственного кровообращения (ИК). Сформированы 5 групп: 1-я группа «Контроль севофлуран» (КонтрСево) – ДИП не применяли, анестезия на основе севофлурана (n = 24); 2-я группа «ДИП1 севофлуран» (ДИП1Сево) – выполняли ДИП с ишемией-реперфузией одной нижней конечности, анестезия на основе севофлурана (n = 26); 3-я группа «ДИП2 севофлуран» (ДИП2Сево) – выполняли ДИП с ишемией-реперфузией двух нижних конечностей, анестезия на основе севофлурана (n = 23); 4-я группа «Контроль пропофол» (КонтрПроп) – ДИП не применяли, анестезия на основе пропофола (n = 22); 5-я группа «ДИП2 пропофол» (ДИП2Проп) ‒ выполняли ДИП с ишемией-реперфузией двух нижних конечностей, анестезия на основе пропофола (n = 24). Уровень тропонина I (TnI) оценивали до индукции анестезии, через 30 мин, 12, 24, 36 и 48 ч после прекращения ИК. Также оценивали гемодинамику и показатели клинического течения послеоперационного периода АКШ. Оценку влияния объема тканей, подвергаемых эпизодам ишемии-реперфузии во время протокола ДИП, на кардиопротективные эффекты ДИП проводили путем сравнения групп КонтрСево, ДИП1Сево, ДИП2Сево. Для оценки влияния пропофола на кардиопротективные эффекты ДИП сравнивали группы КонтрПроп и ДИП2Проп.Результаты. Обнаружены статистически значимые различия в концентрации TnI между группами КонтрСево и ДИП2Сево в точках 12, 24 и 36 ч: КонтрСево 1,83 (1,3; 2,24) нг/мл, ДИП2Сево 1,28 (0,75; 1,63) нг/мл через 12 ч (p = 0,02), КонтрСево 1,44 (0,98; 2,26) нг/мл, ДИП2Сево 1,17 (0,55; 1,66) нг/мл через 24 ч (p = 0,046), КонтрСево 1,26 (0,86; 1,72) нг/мл, ДИП2Сево 0,81 (0,47; 1,24) нг/мл через 36 ч (p = 0,035). Между группами КонтрСево и ДИП1Сево, ДИП1Сево и ДИП2Сево различий в концентрации TnI не обнаружено ни на одном из этапов исследования. При сравнении показателей гемодинамики статистически значимых различий между группами не выявлено. В группе ДИП2Сево значимо реже возникали нарушения ритма, требующие ЭИТ или медикаментозной терапии, по сравнению с группой КонтрСево (1 случай против 6) (p = 0,047). Других значимых различий в показателях клинического течения послеоперационного периода не выявлено. При сравнении групп КонтрПроп и ДИП2Проп значимых различий в концентрации TnI, показателях гемодинамики, а также в клиническом течении послеоперационного периода не обнаружено.Выводы. Больший объем тканей, подвергаемых эпизодам ишемии-реперфузии при выполнении ДИП, сопровождается более выраженным кардиопротективным действием. Модифицированный протокол выполнения ДИП с ишемией-реперфузией двух нижних конечностей, выполняемый на фоне анестезии севофлураном, обладает кардиопротективным эффектом при АКШ в условиях ИК. Модифицированный протокол ДИП с ишемией-реперфузией двух нижних конечностей, выполняемый на фоне анестезии севофлураном, снижает риск возникновения нарушений ритма, требующих ЭИТ или медикаментозной терапии. Пропофол угнетает кардиопротективные эффекты ДИП с ишемией-реперфузией двух нижних конечностей

Riociguat treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Final safety data from the EXPERT registry

Objective: The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inoperable or persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following Phase

Effects of chronic airway obstruction and atrial fibrillation on the cardiac structure and function in patients with heart failure

Aim. To study the cardiac remodeling in heart failure (HF) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Material and methods. The study included 120 patients who were divided into 4 groups: the experimental group — patients with HF, AF and COPD (n=29), group 1 — patients with COPD, without cardiovascular disease (n=28), group 2 — patients with HF and COPD, without AF (n=30), group 3 — patients with HF and AF, without COPD (n=33). All patients underwent echocardiography using the MyLab70 Ultrasound System (Esaote, Italy).Results. In comparison with patients of group 3, patients of the experimental group had lower left and right atrial volumes (p=0,001 and p=0,004, respectively), higher right ventricular (RV) wall thickness (p<0,001), lower RV end-diastolic area index (p=0,007) and fractional area change (FAC) (p=0б011), which indicates the effect of chronic airway obstruction on cardiac remodeling in patients with combination of these pathologies. In comparison with patients of group 2, patients of the experimental group had significantly larger RV dimension (p=0,012) and higher RV endsystolic area index (p<0,001), as well as lower systolic RV function (ejection fraction (p=0,002), FAC (p<0,001), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p=0,012)) and higher pressure in the pulmonary circulation (p=0,001). This is due to high hemodynamic load on the RV related to AF and chronic airway obstruction.Conclusion. The results of the study revealed features of cardiac remodeling pathogenesis in HF patients with AF and COPD. Comparative analysis of the results made it possible to indicate different mechanisms underlying AF, to assess the effects of both AF and chronic airway obstruction on the cardiac structure and function in patients with HF and combination of these pathologies

Management of Residual Refractive Error after Cataract Phacoemulsification. Part 1. Keratorefractive Approaches

The review presents an analysis of the literature data on the methods of surgical correction of residual refractive error after cataract phacoemulsification. Keratorefractive and intraocular approaches are considered in details. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of different groups of methods on the example of comparative studies is given. Historically earlier keratorefractive methods (laser vision correction with LASIK and PRK techniques on intact eyes, LASIK after implantation of multifocal IOLs and arcuate keratotomy after phaco) are indicated for the correction of astigmatic refractive error and a small spherical refractive error. Intraocular methods, including the replacement of the IOL and “piggyback” IOLs implantation are used to correct a large spherical refractive error. The introduction of new technology, the implantation of light-adjustable IOLs, will expand the existing evidence and provide greater predictability and efficiency of the method of correction of residual refractive error

MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUAL REFRACTIVE ERROR AFTER CATARACT PHACOEMULSIFICATION. PART 2. INTRAOCULAR APPROACHES

The review presents an  analysis  of the  literature  data  on  the  methods of surgical  correction of residual  refractive  error after cataract phacoemulsification. Keratorefractive and intraocular approaches are  considered in details.  A comparison of the  efficacy and  safet y  of different groups   of methods on  the  example  of comparative studies is given.  Historically earlier  keratorefractive methods (laser  vision correction with LASIK and  PRK techniques on intact  eyes,  LASIK after  implantation  of multifocal  IOLs and arcuate keratotomy  after  phaco)  are  indicated  for  the  correction of astigmatic refractive  error and  a small  spherical refractive error. Intraocular methods, including the  replacement of the  IOL  and  «piggyback» IOLs implantation  are  used  to  correct a large spherical refractive error. The introduction  of new  technology, the  implantation  of light-adjustable  IOLs, will  expand  the  existing evidence  and provide greater predictabilit y and efficiency of the  method  of correction of residual  refractive error

Management of Residual Refractive Error after Cataract Phacoemulsification. Part 1. Keratorefractive Approaches

The review presents an analysis of the literature data on the methods of surgical correction of residual refractive error after cataract phacoemulsification. Keratorefractive and intraocular approaches are considered in details. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of different groups of methods on the example of comparative studies is given. Historically earlier keratorefractive methods (laser vision correction with LASIK and PRK techniques on intact eyes, LASIK after implantation of multifocal IOLs and arcuate keratotomy after phaco) are indicated for the correction of astigmatic refractive error and a small spherical refractive error. Intraocular methods, including the replacement of the IOL and “piggyback” IOLs implantation are used to correct a large spherical refractive error. The introduction of new technology, the implantation of light-adjustable IOLs, will expand the existing evidence and provide greater predictability and efficiency of the method of correction of residual refractive error