Particular features of interrelation of motivation, values and sense of life’s meaning as subjective factors of individualizing trajectory in the system of continuous education

The relevance of the problem under study is based on the fact that, as regards methodological and theoretical aspects, the problem of value and motivational sphere is poorly elaborated regarding the interrelation between professional education and professional activity and on the empirical level there is no clear understanding of how the sense of purpose of life and own professional values is related to the professional motivation. The aim of the article is to identify the specific features of the interrelation and effects of meaning of life to the professional values and motivation. The leading method of research is questionnaire method which makes it possible to identify the following: level of sense of life’s purpose – method of life-meaning orientations, specific features of professional motivation – method “Motivation of professional activity” and method “Level of correlation between value and availability of value”. The article presents and discusses the results of empirical study of the interrelation between professional values, professional motivation and life-meaning orientations, as well as the effects of the level of life’s meaning on professional motivation. The practical value is the possibility to use the results of the research in developing programs for correcting and increasing professional motivation, as well as for developing technologies of psychology-pedagogical assistance to sense-making and professional self-identification in projecting and implementing individual educational trajectories in the continuous vocational education system. The article can be useful for specialists in professiology, teachers of technical subjects and professional consultants for forecasting professional development of a person. © 2016 Zavodchikov et al

Willingness to university teachers to training of disabled persons and persons with disabilities

The article raises the question of the availability of the teaching staff of higher educational institutions for learning disabled people and people with disabilities, and provides recommendations for the development of specific competenciesВ статье ставится вопрос о готовности профессорско-преподавательского состава высших учебных заведений к обучению инвалидов и лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, и даются рекомендации для развития специальных компетенци

Medical and social characteristics of children with tuberculosis in conditions of social insufficiency in the Irkutsk region

Background. In cases of tuberculosis in children, contacts with patients with drug-resistant forms are often detected. Treatment and prevention of the disease is based on these data and adherence to treatment. Aims. To analyze the social status of the family of children with tuberculosis, clinical forms and drug resistance of MBT in patients who are sources of infection in the outbreak for adequate planning of preventive treatment of contact and treatment of children with tuberculosis. Materials and methods. The study involved 150 children with tuberculosis treated in a hospital in 2009-2012 and 142 children - in 2015-2017. We studied social factors and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in adult patients - sources to child transmission. Drug resistance of MBT cultures was determined by Löwenstein - Jensen medium and automated system BACTEC MGIT 960. Results. 50.0 % of children with tuberculosis are patients of preschool age, 33.0 % of children aged under 3 years. From 2009-2012 to 2015-2017 the proportion of socially disadvantaged families fell from 68.0 % to 45.1 %. At the same time the proportion of children with tuberculosis, contracted from a known contact decreased from 70.0 % to 57.0 %. Often children get infected from mother or from several close relatives (mother, father, grandfather, grandmother), TB patients source of infection of children are often diagnosed with infiltrative (21.9-38.3 %) and fibro-cavernous tuberculosis (17.0-21.0 %). To 2015-2017 multi-drug resistance in the nidi was recorded at 52.2 %. The development of tuberculosis in children was facilitated by the defects of preventative measures: absence of BCG vaccination (from 9.0 to 14.0 % of children), the absence of preventive treatment (55.3-67.5 %)

The effects of innovative changes influence on social and economic processes of the region development

Development of strategy of social and economic development of the Voronezh region till 2035 requires the careful analysis of a condition of all activities of the region, their interaction and interference. The special role in this process belongs to the higher school as the engine of knowledge, information and innovations. In case of all conservatism of an education system its task not only to give estimates and forecasts of the future, but also to serve as a leader of changes in all industries. The models realizing these tasks are a possibility of receipt of the effective instrument of increase in innovation of potential of economy of the region, forming of the environment which is adequately reflecting scientific and technical and economic challenges of modern realities and also developments of processes and technologies of transition of economy of the region to the principles of digital economy. Direct task of the higher school are increase in the amount of knowledge which is saved up by society, handling and transformation of information to knowledge, generation of new information and new knowledge, forming of the competitive specialist. In article approaches to an impact assessment of changes in the higher school on processes of social and economic development of the region, to classification of straight lines and side effects (spillover-effects) in the conditions of development of programs of a strategic development of the region are considered, the model of development of the higher school taking into account spillover-effect based on the principles of digital economy is offered. For the purpose of an impact assessment of changes in the higher school on processes of social and economic development in the region the task is set to analyse influence of various factors at each other, and also on basic factors of economic growth of the region

ROLE OF SYSTEMATIC INFLAMMATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMORBIDITY IN CASE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Often local inflammation develops into systemic one with total inflammatory response of endotheliocytes, plasma and cellular blood factors, connective tissue, and at the final stages it is manifested through microcirculatory disorders in vital organs and tissues. At present two aspects are being investigated related to systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Firstly, it is the evaluation of inflammatory load through testing the level of inflammation markers in blood. Secondly, now it is generally recognized that a number of typical extrapulmonary disorders and concurrent diseases develops in COPD patients. Regardless of these general pathogenic mechanisms, the one thing is clear: cardiovascular diseases, body weight loss, osteoporosis and a number of other extrapulmonary manifestations of COPD are related to systematic inflammatory response

Оценка доз облучения лимфоцитов и их предшественников при пероральном поступлении стронция-89,90

In radiobiology circulating T-lymphocytes are used as “natural biodosimeters” since the frequency of chromosomal aberrations that occur in them after radiation exposure is proportional to the accumulated dose. In addition, stable chromosomal aberrations (translocations) are detected in them years and decades after radiation exposure. Estimation of doses to circulating lymphocytes requires consideration of two dose components: the dose accumulated by the lymphocyte precursors (progenitors) in the red bone marrow; and dose accumulated by the lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs/tissues during circulation. A recently created model of T-lymphocyte exposure takes into account all these dose components, as well as the age-dependent dynamics of T-lymphocytes. The use of a model approach is especially important in assessing doses from osteotropic beta emitters (89,90Sr). They accumulate in the bone and locally expose predominately bone marrow. The dose to other lymphoid organs and tissues is much lower. The objective of this study is to evaluate the conversion factors from ingested 89,90Sr to the cumulative dose to circulating T-lymphocytes and their progenitors (DCL). For calculations, the previously developed model of T-lymphocyte exposure and new dose coefficients for the red bone marrow, estimated on the basis of a sex-and-age-dependent biokinetic model and a new dosimetric model of the human skeleton were used. As a result, the DCL values were evaluated for the first time. The age at the time of 89,90Sr intake varied from a newborn to 35 years, the age of T-lymphocyte examination (blood sampling age) was up to 75 years. The maximum values of DCL for both 90Sr and 89Sr were typical of children in the first years of life. It has been shown that doses to circulating T-lymphocytes from these radionuclides are lower than those to bone marrow, but are significantly higher than doses to other lymphoid tissues. The effect of sex on DCL is manifested for children 10 years of age and older. The area of DCL application covers the population of radioactively contaminated territories (the Urals region, the zone of the Chernobyl accident), as well as personnel of the nuclear industry enterprises.Циркулирующие Т-лимфоциты используются в радиобиологии как «естественные биодозиметры», поскольку частота хромосомных аберраций, возникающих в них после облучения, пропорциональна накопленной дозе. Более того, стабильные хромосомные аберрации (транслокации) обнаруживаются в них спустя годы и десятилетия после облучения. Оценка доз на циркулирующие лимфоциты требует учета 2 компонентов: дозы, полученной предшественниками (прогениторами) лимфоцитов в красном костном мозге; дозы, полученной лимфоцитами в лимфоидных органах/тканях при циркуляции. Недавно созданная модель облучения циркулирующих Т-лимфоцитов учитывает все эти компоненты, а также возрастные особенности динамики Т-лимфоцитов. Особенно важно применение модельного подхода при оценке доз от остеотропных бета-излучателей (89,90Sr). После попадания в организм они накапливаются в кости и практически локально облучают костный мозг, так что доза на другие лимфоидные органы и ткани оказывается существенно ниже. Целью данного исследования является оценка коэффициентов перехода от перорального поступления 89,90Sr к накопленной дозе на циркулирующие Т-лимфоциты и их предшественников (ДКL). Для расчетов использовали разработанную ранее модель облучения Т-лимфоцитов и новые дозовые коэффициенты для красного костного мозга, оцененные на основе половозрастной биокинетической модели и новой дозиметрической модели скелета человека. В результате проделанной работы впервые были определены значения ДКL. Возраст на момент поступления 89,90Sr варьировал от новорожденного до 35 лет, возраст обследования Т-лимфоцитов (возраст забора крови) – до 75 лет. Максимальные значения дозовых коэффициентов, как для 90Sr, так и для 89Sr, были характерны для детей первых лет жизни. Было показано, что дозы на циркулирующие Т-лимфоциты оказываются ниже, чем дозы на ККМ от этих радионуклидов, но существенно выше, чем дозы на другие лимфоидные ткани. Влияние пола на ДКL выражено для детей 10 лет и старше. Область применения ДКL охватывает работников предприятий атомной промышленности, а также население радиоактивно загрязненных территорий (Уральский регион, зона Чернобыльской аварии)

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ADVISABLE FOR CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WITH THE PREDOMINANT LESION OF THE PANCREATIC HEAD

Recently, studies comparing various variants of operations to establish the optimal method of surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic head lesions from the point of view of evidence-based medicine have been carried out in the world. However, these comparative studies do not take into account differences in the clinical and morphological forms of the disease, in particular, chronic pancreatitis with a predominant and isolated lesion of the head. Subtotal resection of the pancreatic head with proximal pancreatojejunostomy, suitable for an isolated lesion of the head, does not solve all the problems of chronic pancreatitis with a predominant lesion of the head. In this case, the violation of the outflow of pancreatic juice along the pathologically changed main pancreatic duct from the left half of the gland is not eliminated. It is impossible to unambiguously support the hypothesis of the feasibility of performing subtotal resection of the pancreatic head with proximal pancreatojejunostomy in chronic pancreatitis with a predominant lesion of the head with a uniformly expanded main pancreatic duct. With this form of chronic pancreatitis, cicatricial strictures can form in the main pancreatic duct, which can lead to ductal hypertension and serve as an indication for reoperation. The feasibility of using Beger operation in chronic pancreatitis with a predominant lesion of the head is doubtful, since the intersection of the isthmus and the need for a T-shaped longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy makes this intervention technically difficult and unsafe. Based on the studies performed, it is impossible to say with certainty about the reliable advantages of one type of operations over another. To obtain reliable results, it’s necessary to conduct evidence-based studies comparing subtotal resection of the pancreatic head with longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy with other types of interventions only for chronic pancreatitis with a predominant head lesion, excluding from the study patients with chronic pancreatitis with isolated head lesion

Неопределенность оценки доз в костном мозге от 89,90Sr из-за изменчивости химического состава и плотности кости

Dosimetric modeling of radiation transport in skeletal bone tissues using computational phantoms provides the doses of internal exposure to active marrow. Computational phantoms of ICRP are created for reference people with anatomical and physiological characteristics typical of an average individual. The doses calculated with such phantoms will correspond to certain population-average values. Individual variability will introduce a stochastic component of uncertainty into the dose estimation. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of variability of chemical composition and bone density on the results of dosimetric modeling. The phantoms are represented by simple geometry figures filled with trabecular structures and bone marrow and covered with a cortical layer. Radiation transport was simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The dose factors to convert the radionuclide activity concentration to absorbed dose rates in active marrow were calculated assuming uniform radionuclide distribution in the volume of the trabecular and cortical bone. As a result of the numerical experiments, it has been shown that variations in chemical composition do not introduce an error of more than ± 4% into dosimetric modeling. The effect of bone density on active marrow dose formation depends on the size of a phantom. For computational phantoms with linear dimensions exceeding two electron free path lengths (~ 0.44 cm), variability of bone density within ± 3% leads to a similar relative uncertainty of the dose conversion factor. However, for smaller phantoms, bone density variability leads to uncertainties of 6% or 13% for a source deposited in the trabecular or cortical bone, respectively. The results obtained will be used to assess the uncertainty of bone marrow dosimetry, taking into account the uncertainty of all parameters including the variability of morphometric characteristics of bones, the variability of the active marrow distribution in skeletal sites, as well as the uncertainties introduced by model approximations.Для расчета доз внутреннего облучения красного костного мозга применяется моделирование переноса излучений в тканях костей скелета с использованием вычислительных фантомов. Вычислительные фантомы МКРЗ созданы для стандартного человека с анатомическими характеристиками, типичными для среднестатистического индивидуума. Дозы, рассчитываемые на основе таких фантомов, будут соответствовать неким среднепопуляционным, а индивидуальная изменчивость будет вносить стохастическую компоненту неопределенности в оценку доз. Целью настоящей работы является оценка влияния вариабельности химического состава и плотности кости на результаты дозиметрического моделирования. Использовали вычислительные фантомы фрагментов костей скелета, которые представлены простыми геометрическими фигурами, заполненными трабекулярными структурами и костным мозгом и покрытыми снаружи кортикальным слоем. Перенос излучений имитировался методом Монте-Карло. Рассчитывались коэффициенты перехода от удельной активности радионуклидов к мощности поглощенной дозы в красном костном мозге при их равномерном распределении в объеме трабекулярной либо кортикальной кости. На основе расчетов получены коэффициенты, позволяющие конвертировать удельную активность радионуклида в единицы мощности поглощенной дозы в красном костном мозге. В результате численных экспериментов было показано, что вариации химического состава в пределах физиологических показателей не вносят дополнительной погрешности больше ±4% в значение доз на красный костный мозг. Влияние плотности костной ткани на формирование дозы в красном костном мозге зависит от размера фантома. Для фантомов, чьи линейные размеры превышают две длины свободного пробега электронов (~ 0,44 см), вариабельность плотности костной ткани в пределах ±3% приводит к аналогичной по величине относительной неопределенности коэффициентов перехода. Однако для фантомов меньших размеров вариабельность плотности костной ткани приводит к неопределенностям этих коэффициентов равным 6% или 13%, если источник депонирован в трабекулярной или кортикальной кости соответственно. Полученные результаты будут использованы при оценке суммарной неопределенности поглощенных доз красным костным мозгом с учетом неопределенности всех используемых параметров, включая вариабельность морфометрических характеристик костей, вариабельности распределения красного костного мозга между структурами скелета, а также неопределенность, привносимую модельными приближениями

Оценка доз облучения лимфоцитов при пероральном поступлении радионуклидов различной тропности

Assessment of the lymphocyte doses is relevant for solving a number of radiobiological problems, including the risk assessment of hemoblastosis (leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma etc.), as well as the use of circulating lymphocytes as “natural biodosimeters”. The latter is because the frequency of chromosomal aberrations occurring in lymphocytes following radiation exposure is proportional to the accumulated dose. Assessment of doses to the circulating lymphocytes requires due account of: first, the dose accumulated by the lymphocyte progenitors in the red bone marrow; and second, the dose accumulated during lymphocyte circulation through lymphoid organs. The models presented by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-67, ICRP-100) allow calculating the dose for specific lymphoid organs based on known level of radionuclide intakes. A recently developed model of circulating T-lymphocyte irradiation takes into account all sources of exposure and age-related dynamics of T-lymphocytes: (1) exposure of lymphocyte progenitors in red bone marrow: (2) exposure of T-lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs, taking into account the proportion of resident lymphocytes and the residence time of circulating lymphocytes in the specific lymphoid organs. The objective of the study is to assess the dose coefficients allowing for the transition from the ingestion of 141,144Ce, 95Zr, 103,106Ru, 95Nb to the doses accumulated in circulating T-lymphocytes. For calculations, we used the dose coefficients from ICRP publications for specific lymphoid organs, as well as published data on the residence time of circulating lymphocytes in lymphoid organs and tissues. As a result, it was shown that the doses in circulating T-lymphocytes are higher than those in the red bone marrow, but lower than the doses to the colon wall. The dose coefficients were age dependent; the maximum values were typical for newborns. The obtained dose coefficients for 141,144Ce, 95Zr, 95Nb and 103,106Ru can be used to estimate the tissue and organ doses based on data on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes.Оценка доз на лимфоциты актуальна в свете решения ряда радиобиологических проблем, включая оценку риска различных гемобластозов (лейкоз, множественная миелома, лимфома и др.), а также использования циркулирующих Т-лимфоцитов в качестве «естественных биодозиметров». Последнее связано с тем, что частота хромосомных аберраций, возникающих в лимфоцитах после лучевого воздействия, пропорциональна накопленной дозе. Оценка доз на циркулирующие лимфоциты требует учета двух факторов: во-первых, дозы, полученной предшественниками (прогениторами) лимфоцитов в красном костном мозге; а во-вторых, дозы, полученной лимфоцитами в лимфоидных органах при циркуляции. Модели, представленные в публикациях Международной комиссии по радиологической защите (ICRP-67, ICRP-100), дают возможность рассчитать дозу для конкретного лимфоидного органа при известном уровне поступления радионуклида. Недавно созданная модель облучения циркулирующих Т-лимфоцитов учитывает все слагаемые дозы и возрастные особенности динамики Т-лимфоцитов: 1) облучение предшественников Т-лимфоцитов в красном костном мозге; 2) облучение Т-лимфоцитов в каждом лимфоидном органе с учетом доли резидентных лимфоцитов, а также времени пребывания там лимфоцитов. Целью данного исследования является оценка дозовых коэффициентов, позволяющих перейти от перорального поступления I4I,I44Ce, 95Zr, 103,106Ru, 95Nb к накопленной дозе на циркулирующие Т-лимфоциты. Для расчетов использовались дозовые коэффициенты из публикаций Международной комиссии по радиологической защите для конкретных лимфоидных органов, а также опубликованные оценки времени, которое циркулирующие лимфоциты проводят в этих лимфоидных органах и тканях. В результате было показано, что дозы на циркулирующие Т-лимфоциты выше, чем дозы на красный костный мозг от этих радионуклидов, но ниже, чем дозы на стенку толстой кишки. Рассчитанные дозовые коэффициенты зависели от возраста; максимальные значения были характерны для новорожденных. Данные коэффициенты для 141,144Ce, 95Zr, 95Nb и I03,I06Ru могут быть использованы для оценки доз на органы и ткани на основе данных о частоте хромосомных аберраций в лимфоцитах периферической крови