Inventions of Scientists, Engineers and Specialists from Different Countries in the Area of Nanotechnologies. Part V

Introduction. Advanced technologies impress people\u27s imagination demonstrating the latest achievements (materials, methods, systems, technologies, devices etc.) that dramatically change the world. This, first of all, concerns nanotechnological inventions designed by scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries. Main part. The article provides an abstract overview of inventions of scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries: Russia, USA, China, Belarus, Italy. The results of the creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials allow, when introduced to industry, achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and communal services, and related sectors of the economy. For example, the invention Protective coating and method of its application relates to the field of protecting metals from corrosion. To obtain a protective coating, a composition containing an industrial oil with a powder of a phosphorusmodified copper-carbon nanocomposite is applied to the surface of an unalloyed steel and subjected to thermochemical activation by heating for 20 minutes at a temperature of 100-200 degrees C. During the formation of the coating, strong donor-acceptor bonds of iron atoms with phosphorus, which are in the composition of the copper-carbon nanocomposite, are formed. In the course of experiments, it was found that heating samples with a coating of oil with the addition of a phosphorus-modified copper-carbon nanocomposite to 100-200 degrees C increases the chemical activity of the nanocomposite, as a result of which a protective coating forms on the surface, which reduces the corrosion rate depending on the concentration of the modified metal-carbon nanocomposite. by 70-95%. The following inventions in the field of nanotechnology are also of interest to specialists: a method for obtaining a nanostructured surface of a metal workpiece by laser treatment, a device for producing nanodispersed metal oxides, a method for producing a nanostructured composite material based on aluminum, a method for modifying the surfaces of plates of a brazed plate heat exchanger, etc. Conclusion. One of the most challenging tasks the economy of every country face is to increase industrial competitiveness through technological upgrade. From the side of the state and companies the principal object to control in this process are the people and enterprises dealing with introduction of inventions and new technologies

Leprarioid lichens and associated lichenicolous fungi from the Commander Islands (Kamchatka Territory, Russia) including a new species Lepraria tiinae

Here, we present new records of leprarioid lichens from the Commander Islands, including one species of Lithocalla and six species of Lepraria. Notably, we describe as new to science Lepraria tiinae, which is quite common in coastal biotopes of the archipelago. The main distinguishing phenotypic features of this new species include large granules of the thallus, a well-developed hypothallus, dark rhizohyphae, and the production of thiophanic acid, arthothelin, and dichlorolichexanthone. Additionally, three species of lichenicolous fungi or fungi associated with leprarioid lichens were found in the studied specimens, all of which are new to the Kamchatka Territory

Analysis of Morbidity Dynamics and Factors Influencing the Development of Pneumococcal Infections among the Adult Population of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

The pneumococcal infection is an important issue due to its prevalence, numerous severe complications, high mortality rate and disability. However modern vaccination allows preventing of the pneumococcal infection and reduces the severity of clinical complications. This article presents the analysis of the morbidity and mortality indicators from community-acquired pneumonia and the effect of pneumococcal vaccination on its dynamic in the at-risk groups within the adult population of the Aldan area and the city of Aldan of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). In the Aldan area pneumonia morbidity persistently exceeds the national Russian average: in 2015 – 1.5 times (499.3 per 100,000 population) and in 2016 – 1.2 times (500.8 per 100,000 population). The morbidity indicators in Aldan are comparable to the national values. The community-acquired pneumonia mortality rates in the Aldan area were 20.55 per 100,000 population in 2015, and 18.5 per 100,000 population in 2016; these values are, respectively, 4.3 and 3.8 times higher than the national average. In the city of Aldan the community-acquired pneumonia mortality rates were 9.87 per 100,000 population in 2015 and 15.8 per 100,000 population in 2016, which is more than double the national average in the Russian Federation. Pneumococcal vaccinations of the adult population using the conjugate vaccine Prevenar 13 have been observed to lower the pneumonia morbidity and respiratory infections; the vaccinations also reduced the number of hospitalizations due to condition exacerbations or decompensations among adult patients with chronic lung disorders, cardiac insufficiency, and diabetes

Three new species of crustose Teloschistaceae in Siberia and the Far East

Three species of the family Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) are described as new to science from Southern and Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Corticolous Caloplaca saviczii belongs to the genus Caloplaca s. str.; it has C. cerina-like apothecia and green to grey-green, crateriform soralia with a white rim. Lendemeriella aureopruinosa is a saxicolous taxon with a thin grey thallus and small apothecia 0.3-0.6 mm in diameter, with a dark orange disc usually bearing epipsamma and often with a grey true exciple containing the pigment Cinereorufa-green. Orientophila infirma is a corticolous species with an endophloeodal thallus and small orange apothecia, 0.2-0.3 mm in diameter, usually with an inconspicuous thalline exciple. All new taxa presumably have a boreal north-eastern distribution in Asia

Место эндемичного для республики Саха (Якутия) генотипа S возбудителя туберкулеза в глобальной филогении по результатам полногеномного секвенирования

The objective: to assess the stability of circulation of S genotype and S-like strains of M. tuberculosis (MTB) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) over a 12-year period and perform their phylogenetic identification relative to the L4.4 Euro-American subline.Subjects and Methods. Between 2009 and 2022, 513 MTB strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients were studied using molecular genetic methods. 92 isolates belonging to S genotype or having an S-like genetic profile were found. Whole-genome sequencing of five strains of S genotype that circulated in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2020-2022 was carried out. A global phylogenetic analysis was performed and evolutionary relationship of the obtained genomes was determined, a RT-PCR test was developed for the rapid detection of S genotype strains.Results. In the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), there is a stable circulation of S and S-like MTB genotypes belonging to the L4.4 Euro-American subline, the L4.4.1.1 subtype. The evolutionary model has confirmed the previously stated hypothesis that the spread of the S genotype among the indigenous population of Yakutia is associated with mass exposure to the Russian settlers which started from the beginning of the 17th century.Conclusion. Spread of MTB strains of the L4.4 Euro-American subline, L4.4.1.1 subtype, among the indigenous populations of New Zealand, Canada and Yakutia in the 17th-19th centuries is very similar.Цель исследования: оценить устойчивость циркуляции генотипа S и S-подобных штаммов M. tuberculosis (МБТ) на территории Республики Саха (Якутия) за 12-летний период и провести их филогенетическую идентификацию относительно Евро-Американской сублинии L4.4.Материалы и методы. В период с 2009 по 2022 гг. молекулярно-генетическими методами исследовано 513 штаммов МБТ от больных туберкулезом легких. Обнаружено 92 изолята, принадлежащих генотипу S или имевшему S-подобный генетический профиль. Проведено полногеномное секвенирование пяти штаммов генотипа S, циркулировавших на территории РС (Я) в 2020–2022 гг. Выполнен глобальный филогенетический анализ и определены эволюционные взаимоотношения полученных геномов, разработан ПЦР-РВ тест для экспресс-выявления штаммов генотипа S.Результаты. Наблюдается устойчивая циркуляция МБТ S и S-подобных генотипов на территории РС (Я), принадлежащих Евро-Американской сублинии L4.4, подтип L4.4.1.1. Эволюционная модель подтвердила ранее высказанную нами гипотезу о том, что распространение генотипа S среди коренного населения Якутии связано с массовыми контактами с русскими переселенцами, начиная с 17 века.Заключение. Распространение штаммов МБТ Евро-Американской сублинии L4.4, подтип L4.4.1.1 среди коренного населения Новой Зеландии, Канады и Якутии в 17–19 веках имеет большое сходство